Table 1.

Panel of 21 bitter taste compounds tested in electrophysiological recordings. ^a '−' indicates that insecticidal activity has not been described.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11181.005

Tastant	Abbreviation	Concentration	Chemical class	Source	Insecticidal activitya
Aristolochic acid	ARI	1 mM	phenanthrene	Aristolochia family of plants	−
Azadirachtin	AZA	1 mM	terpenoid	Neem tree	+
Berberine chloride	BER	1 mM	alkaloid	Golden seal, bayberry, Oregon grape and goldthread	−
Caffeine	CAF	1 mM	alkaloid	Coffee, chocolate, tea, kola nut	−
Coumarin	COU	10 mM	benzopyrone	Tonka bean, honey clover	+
Cucurbitacin I hydrate	CUC	1 mM	glycoside	Pumpkins, gourds, cucumbers	+
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide	DEET	10 mM	N,N-dialkylamide	synthetic	+
Denatonium benzoate	DEN	10 mM	quaternary ammonium cation	synthetic	−
Escin	ESC	1 mM	terpenoid	Horse chestnut tree	−
Gossypol	GOS	1 mM	terpenoid	Cotton	+
(-)-lobeline HCl	LOB	1 mM	alkaloid	Indian tobacco, Cardinal flower	+
Myricetin	MYR	1 mM	flavonoid	Berries, wine	−
Quinine	QUI	1mM	alkaloid	Cinchona tree bark	−
Rotenone	ROT	1 mM	ketone	Jicama	+
Saponin	SAP	1%	terpenoid	Soapbark tree	+
D-(+)-sucrose octaacetate	SOA	1 mM	acetylated sucrose derivative	synthetic	+
Sparteine sulfate salt	SPS	10 mM	alkaloid	Scotch broom	+
Strychnine nitrate salt	STR	10 mM	alkaloid	Strychnos seeds	+
Theobromine	THE	1 mM	alkaloid	Cacao, tea, kola nut, chocolate	−
Theophylline	TPH	10 mM	alkaloid	Tea leaves	+
Umbelliferone	UMB	1 mM	phenylpropanoid	Carrot, coriander	−