Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Authors | Year | Study design | Setting | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmed et al. [7] | 2008 | Cross-sectional | Kashmir | Fair |
| Nandy et al. [10] | 2005 | Cohort, retrospective, data analysis | All India | Good |
| Gladstone et al. [11] | 2010 | Cohort | Vellore, Tamil Nadu | Poor |
| Deshmukh et al. [12] | 2009 | Cross-sectional | Wardha, Maharashtra | Good |
| Phadke et al. [13] | 2003 | Observational (case control) | Pune, Maharashtra | Good |
| Gladstone et al. [14] | 2008 | Cohort study | Vellore, Tamil Nadu | Good |
| Mazumder et al. [15] | 2010 | Cluster randomized trial | Faridabad, Haryana | Fair |
| Joshi et al. [16] | 2011 | Two stage stratified cluster survey | Uttar Pradesh | Good |
| Sur et al. [17] | 2004 | Period prevalence, surveillance study | Kolkata | Fair |
| Banerjee et al. [18] | 2004 | Prospective (observational) | West Bengal (Urban) | Fair |
| Rose et al. [19] | 2006 | Case control study | Vellore, Tamil Nadu | Good |
| Mishra et al. [20] | 2010 | Cross sectional study | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh | Good |
| Bandyopadhyay and Banerjee [21] | 2005 | Cross sectional study | Kolkata | Poor |
| Khush et al. [22] | 2013 | Cohort study | Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu | Good |
| Dhingra et al. [23] | 2009 | Randomized controlled trial | New Delhi | Fair |
1–4: Poor, 5–7: Fair, 8–10: Good