Table 3. Data on toxicity, occurrence, and persistence of fipronil and three of its degradates.
| Compound | Formula | Procambarusa | Hyalella aztecab | Diphetor hagenib | Half-life |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43LC50 (μg/L) | 28LC50 (μg/L) | 28EC50 (μg/L) | 28LC50 (μg/L) | 28EC50 (μg/L) | 42OC urban water conc. (μg/L) | 44Silt loam (days) | 45Facultative conditions (days) | ||
| Fipronil | C12H4Cl2F6N4OS | 14.3–19.5 | 1.3–2.0 | 0.65–0.83 | 0.20–0.57 | 0.11–0.21 | 0.05–0.39 | 21±0.15 | – |
| -desulfinyl | C12H4Cl2F6N4 | 68.6 | – | – | – | – | 0.05-0.13 | – | 217–497 |
| -sulfide | C12H4Cl2F6N4S | 15.5 | 1.1–1.7 | 0.007–0.003 | – | – | ND | >200 | 195–352 |
| -sulfone | C12H4Cl2F6N4SO2 | 11.2 | 0.35–0.92 | 0.12–0.31 | 0.19–0.54 | 0.055–0.13 | 0.05–0.19 | >200 | 502–589 |
OC, Orange County, California.
ND, not detected.
aProcambarus species were clarkii and zonangulus.
bValues for H. azteca and D. hageni represent the 95% confidence interval.