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. 2016 Feb 24;6:21738. doi: 10.1038/srep21738

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(a) Silicon surface ablated by a femtosecond vortex pulse with an energy of 0.2 mJ. (Top view) (b) Silicon surface ablated by a femtosecond vortex pulse with an energy of 0.2 mJ. (Side view) (c) Silicon needle structured by a picosecond vortex pulse with an energy of 0.2 mJ.