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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Phys Act Health. 2011 Sep;8(0 2):S228–S238.

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of Participants; The B.A.B.Y. Study, 2007–2010

Variables Total (n = 110)
Exercise arm
Health & wellness arm
P-valueb
na % n % n %
Age (years)
 16–24 57 51.8 34 58.6 23 44.2 0.39
 25–29 23 20.9 11 19.0 12 23.1
 30–35 21 19.1 8 13.8 13 25.0
 35–40 9 8.2 5 8.6 4 7.7
Ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic white 41 39.8 24 44.4 17 34.7 0.31
 Hispanic 62 60.2 30 55.6 32 65.3
BMI (kg/m2)
 <18.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.20
 18.5 to <25 2 1.8 2 3.4 0 0.0
 25 to <30 44 40.4 20 34.5 24 47.1
 ≥30 63 57.8 36 62.1 27 52.9
Education
 Less than high school 23 20.9 9 15.5 14 26.9 0.26
 High school graduate 42 38.2 22 37.9 20 38.5
 Post high school 45 40.9 27 46.6 18 34.6
Household income
 ≤$15,000 47 56.6 23 52.3 24 61.5 0.43d
 >$15,000–$30,000 13 15.7 9 20.5 4 10.3
 >$30,000 23 27.7 12 27.3 11 28.2
Marital status
 Single/separated/divorced/widowed 82 74.5 40 69.0 42 80.8 0.19
 Married 28 25.5 18 31.0 10 19.2
Live with spouse/partner
 No 39 35.5 16 27.6 23 44.2 0.07
 Yes 71 64.5 42 72.4 29 55.8
Prepregnancy cigarette smoking
 No 75 68.8 41 71.9 34 65.4 0.46
 Yes 34 31.2 16 28.1 18 34.6
Early pregnancy cigarette smoking
 No 95 88.0 50 89.3 45 86.5 0.66
 Yes 13 12.0 6 10.7 7 13.5
Adults (≥18 yrs) in householdc
 1 24 22.0 8 14.0 16 30.8 0.11
 2 53 48.6 30 52.6 23 44.2
 ≥3 32 29.4 19 33.3 13 25.0
Children (<18 yrs) in householdc
 0 23 21.1 13 22.8 10 19.2 0.44
 1 48 44.0 28 49.1 20 38.5
 2 29 26.6 13 22.8 16 30.8
 ≥3 9 8.3 3 5.3 6 11.5
a

Numbers may not total to 110 due to missing data.

b

P-values from Chi-square tests for categorical variables or Fisher’s Exact test if the expected cell count was <5 (ie, age, marital status, early pregnancy smoking, and children in household).

c

Including the participant as appropriate: if <18 yrs, include as a child; if > 18 yrs, included as an adult.

d

Calculated after excluding participants who reported ‘Do not know.’