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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2015 Jan 21;85(2):257–273. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007

Table 1.

Summary of PARK2 and PARK6 Knockout Models in Comparison to Monogenic PD Patients.

Gene Inactivated Species Age of Onset DA Neurotransmission Defects Motor Phenotypes SN Neuron Loss Lewy Body Formation References
PARK2 Human Juvenile > 20 years
Early onset 20-40 years		 DA depletion in striatum Cardinal Signs Progressive Absent or present Matsumine et al. 1997
Kitada et al. 1998
Pramstaller et al. 2005
PARK6 Human Juvenile > 20 years
Early onset 20-40 years		 DA depletion in striatum Cardinal Signs Progressive Absent or present Valente et al. 2001
Samaranch et al. 2010
PARK2 Drosophila N/A Absent Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits Absent Unknown Greene et al. 2003
N/A Absent Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits Absent Unknown Pesah et al. 2004
1 day (DA neuron loss progressive) Unknown Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits DL region Unknown Whitworth et al. 2005
N/A DA depletion Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits Absent Unknown Cha et al. 2005
PARK6 Drosophila N/A Absent Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits Absent Unknown Clark et al. 2006
30 days Decreased TH+ Expression Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits DM and DL region Unknown Park et al. 2006
25 days DA depletion Flight wing degeneration, motor coordination deficits DM and DL region Unknown Yang et al. 2006
PARK2 Mouse N/A Increased extracellular DA release Beam slip motor deficit Absent Unknown Goldberg et al. 2003
N/A Decreased DA uptake Motor coordination deficits Absent Unknown Itier et al. 2003
N/A Absent Startle response deficit Absent Unknown Von Coelln et al. 2004
N/A Absent Absent Absent Unknown Perez and Palmiter 2004
Conditional Cre-loxP Unknown Unknown Yes, Lentiviral-Cre infection Unknown Shin et al. 2011
PARK6 Mouse N/A Evoked DA release deficit Unknown Absent Unknown Kitada et al. 2007
N/A DA depletion Unknown Absent Unknown Akundi et al. 2011

# = indicates that these phenotypes belong to a specific in vivo model within that subcategory.