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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2013 Oct;45(4):393–400. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.04.023

Table 2.

Frequency of active commuting to school by demographic characteristics and parents’ perceptions of neighborhood environment

Characteristics % of studentsa p-value
Overall 54
Age, years
    3-5 38
    6-11 55 < 0.001
    12-18 58
Gender
    Female 56
    Male 52 0.333
Race/ethnicity
    Non-Hispanic black 54
    Non-Hispanic white 61 0.052
    Hispanic 53
    Other 48
Household income
    ≤200% FPL 57 0.019
    > 200% FPL 40
City
    Newark 56
    Camden 52 0.377
    New Brunswick 49
    Trenton 49
Education of mother
    High school or less 58
    Some college 43 0.005
    College and advanced 44
Acculturation
    Born in U.S. 52
    In U.S. < 10 years 59
    In U.S. ≥10 years 59
Car access
    No car access 68 0.006
    Car access 51
PERCEPTIONS
Traffic
    Not very unsafe 54
    Very unsafe 55
Crime
    Not very unsafe 53 0.107
    Very unsafe 56
Unpleasantness of walking
    Not very unpleasant 56 0.002
    Very unpleasant 40
Sidewalk condition
    Good/fair 54 0.982
    Poor 54
a

Actively commuting to schools, n=901; unweighted n; reported frequencies weighted to be representative of the population of the four cities

FPL, federal poverty level