Table 1.

Comparison between Human, BB rat and NOD mouse autoimmune diabetes

	Human	BB Rat	NOD
Age at onset:	>6 months up to late adolescence	7–14 weeks	>10 weeks
Ketoacidosis:	Severe	Severe	Mild
Lymphopenia: Insulitis:	None DCs, Macrophages, B cells, NK cells, CD4 & CD8 T cells	Severe DCs, Macrophages, B cells, NK cells, CD4 & CD8 T cells	None DCs, Macrophages, B cells, NK cells, CD4 & CD8 T cells
Autoantigens:	Insulin, GAD, IA-2, IA-2β, ZnT8, IGRP, IAPP, HSP60, Carboxypeptidase H	Insulin, GAD	Insulin, GAD, IA-2, IA-2β, ZnT8, IGRP, Chromogranin A
TCR repertoire bias:	None	Anti-TCRVβ13 prevents diabetes	None
Genetic Susceptibility:	MHC most important, >40 non-MHC genes	MHC most important, >10 non-MHC genes	MHC most important, >40 non-MHC genes
Gender Effect:	Males and Females equally affected before puberty, small male preponderance after puberty	Males and Females equally affected	Females predominantly affected