Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Thromb Hemost. 2015 Aug 25;41(6):659–664. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1556731

Figure 1. Intraocular coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades in diabetic retinopathy.

Figure 1

Advanced diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the presence of intraretinal hemorrhage and capillary nonperfusion, mediated in part by leukostasis and microthrombi. Intraocular hemorrhage and plasma extravasation markedly alters vitreous protein composition in patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy. Increased levels of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors has been identified in the vitreous of patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy including plasma kallikrein (PK), factor XII (FXII), prothrombin, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) (outlined in dark red). Other components detected also include high molecular weight kininogen (HK), plasma prekallikrein (PPK), C1 inhibitor (C1INH), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA-1), and plasminogen (Plg).