Table 1.
Summary of miRNAs potentially involved in cartilage homeostasis.
| miRNAs | Target Gene(s) | Metabolic Type | Function | Specimens |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-140 | SMAD3 | catabolism | Suppressing the Smad 2/3 pathway | Human chondrocytes [31] |
| MMP13 | anabolism | Inhibition of the matrix metalloprotease | Human cartilage C28/I2 cells [89] | |
| adamts5 | anabolism | Reduces cartilage matrix degradation | Mouse chondrocytes [39] | |
| dnpep | anabolism | Increases BMP signaling | Mouse chondrocytes [33] | |
| RALA | anabolism | Upregulates SOX9, ACAN, Col2a | Human mesenchymal stem cells [123] | |
| miR-146 | smad4 | catabolism | Reduces cellular responsiveness to TGF-β and increases apoptosis rate in chondrocytes | Primary chondrocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats [41] |
| IL-1β, COLL3a1 | anabolism | Inhibits (IL-1β)-induced signaling | Human knee synovial fibroblasts [106] | |
| miR-145 |
SMAD3 SOX9 |
catabolism | Down-regulates type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans concentration while up-regulating of MMP-13 expression | Human knee OA cartilage [45] |
| miR-29 | COL3a1, OSTEONECTIN | anabolism | Promotes osteogenesis, inhibits osteoblast differentiation | hMSCs [72-74] |
| miR-455 | SMAD2 ACVR2B | catabolism | Promotes a degradative chondrocyte response | Human hip articular cartilage [30] |
| miR-337 | tgf-β r2 | catabolism | Promotes anabolism, prevents cartilage degradation | Femoral head cartilage tissues from SD rats [59] |
| miR-483 | mmp13 bmp7 | anabolism | Promotes anabolic processes | Mouse knee OA cartilage [61] |
| miR-92a | noggin3 | catabolism | Has pro-catabolic and anti- anabolic activities | Zebrafish embryo cartilages [62] |
| miR-302 | BMP 2R | anabolism | Shows pro- anabolic activities | The hADSCs [66] |
| TGF-ΒR2 | catabolism | Shows pro- catabolic activities | The hADSCs [66] | |
| miR-199a | smad1 | anabolism | Shows pro- anabolic activities | C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells [55] |
| miR-26 | smad1 | anabolism | Shows pro- anabolic activities | Mouse C2C12 [54] |
| miR-135 | smad5 | anabolism | Shows pro- anabolic activities | Mouse premyogenic C2C12 cells [53] |
| miR-24 | p16INK4a (Cdkn2a) | catabolism | Reduces production of the two matrix remodeling enzymes, MMP1 and MMP13 | Mouse primary OA chondrocytes [112] |
| miR-155 | MMP1 MMP3 | catabolism | Inhibits production of MMP1 and MMP13 | Human joint synovial tissue [91] |
| miR-127 | MMP13 | catabolism | Surpresses production of MMP1 and MMP13 | Human knee OA cartilage and chondrocytes [111] |
| miR-148 | MMP13, COL10A1 ADAMTS5 | catabolism | Shows pro-anabolic and anti- catabolic activities | Human OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes [104] |
| miR-602 | SHH MMP13 | catabolism | Negatively regulattes the expression of SHH and MMP-13 | Human OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes [136] |
| miR-608 | SHH MMP13 | catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of SHH and MMP-13 | Human OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes [136] |
| miR-125 |
ADAMTS4 MMP13 |
catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of ADAMTS4 and MMP-13 | Human OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes [109, 110] |
| miR-27 | MMP13 | catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of MMP-13 | Human OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes [40] |
| miRNAs | Target Gene(s) | Metabolic Type | Function | Specimens |
| miR-22 | PPARΑ, BMP7 | anabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of PPARA and BMP7, blocked inflammatory and catabolic changes | Human articular cartilage and chondrocytes [76] |
| miR-9 |
MMP13 (indirect) PRTG |
catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of MMP-13 | Rabbit articular chondrocytes and Human knee OA cartilage [92] |
| miR-558 |
COX-2
MMP-1 MMP-13 |
catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of MMP-13, MMP-1, COX-2 | Human knee OA cartilage and chondrocytes [43] |
| miR-488 | ZIP8 MMP-13 | catabolism | Reduces cartilage degradation | Human OA cartilage and chondrocytes [100] |
| miR-320 | ADAMTS5 | catabolism | Negatively regulates the expression of ADAMTS5 | Human knee OA cartilage and chondrocytes [99] |
| miR-18 | IGF-1 | anabolism | Inhibits proliferation of cartilage cells. | Deer antler tip cartilage And chondrocytes [130] |
| miR-203 | MMP-1 and IL-6 (indirect) | catabolism | Increases secretion of MMP-1 and IL-6 via the NF-kB pathway | Human articular synovial tissue ang cell [113] |
| miR-181 | MMP13 (indirect) | catabolism | Increases production of MMP13 | Human knee OA cartilage [95] |
| miR-193 |
COL2, AGGRECAN, AND SOX9 |
catabolism | Downregulates anabolic factors such as type 2 collagen, aggrecan, and SOX9 | Human knee OA cartilage and chondrocytes [99] |