Table 1:
Distribution of drug use elements across sources.
| Standards | Clinical Text | Research Measures | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | HL7 | openEHR | MTS (n=465)❖ | UVMMC(n=1,205)❖ | PhenX Toolkit (n=2,019)❖ | CDE Browser(n=343)❖ |
| Status* | X | X | 35 (7.5%) | 103 (8.5%) | – | 1 (0.4%) |
| Certainty* | 5 (1.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 140 (6.90%) | 20 (8.5%) | ||
| Negation* | X | 110 (23.7%) | 54 (4.5%) | 61 (3.0%) | 17 (7.3%) | |
| Temporal* | – | 2 (0.2%) | 9 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||
| Start Date* | X | X | – | 3 (0.2%) | – | – |
| Start Age* | X | – | 5 (0.4%) | 9 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Quit Date* | X | X | – | 31 (2.6%) | – | 2 (0.9%) |
| Quit Age* | X | – | – | – | – | |
| Duration of Use | – | 11 (0.9%) | 7 (0.3%) | 2 (0.9%) | ||
| Duration Since Quit* | – | 24 (2.0%) | 40 (2.0%) | – | ||
| Duration Since Time Point | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.2%) | 7 (0.3%) | – | ||
| Time Frame* | 6 (1.3%) | 84 (7.0%) | 174 (8.6%) | 7 (3.0%) | ||
| Time Point | 7 (1.5%) | 48 (4.0%) | 7 (0.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | ||
| Method* | X | X | 99 (21.3%) | 147 (12.2%) | 138 (6.8%) | 40 (17.1%) |
| Type* | X | X | 145 (31.2%) | 327 (27.1%) | 673 (33.3%) | 152 (65.0%) |
| Subtype* | 6 (1.3%) | 2 (0.2%) | – | – | ||
| Amount* | X | X | 16 (3.44%) | 69 (5.7%) | 80 (4.0%) | 13 (5.6%) |
| Frequency* | X | X | 5 (1.1%) | 218 (18.1%) | 591 (29.3%) | 81 (34.6%) |
| Context* | 1 (0.2%) | 19 (1.6%) | 5 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | ||
| Situation* | 2 (0.4%) | 5 (0.4%) | – | – | ||
| Location* | – | 2 (0.2%) | – | – | ||
| Subject* | – | – | 37 (1.8%) | – | ||
| Change* | X | – | – | – | – | |
| Triggers* | X | – | – | – | – | |
| Evidence of Dependence* | X | 21 (4.5%) | 21 (1.7%) | 28 (1.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Cessation* | X | 1 (0.2%) | 6 (0.5%) | 9 (0.4%) | – | |
| Other* | X | 5 (1.1%) | 20 (1.7%) | 3 (0.1%) | – | |
| # of Elements | 7 | 15 | 16 | 23 | 18 | 15 |