Table 2.

Results for overall PACIC-20 scale and subscales according to patient characteristics (n = 377).

Patient group	Patient activation	p	Delivery system or practice design	p	Goal setting or tailoring	p	Follow-up or coordination	p	Problem solving or contextual	p
Gender‡
Men	4.1 (0.7)	0.167	3.5 (0.8)	0.200	3.6 (0.5)	1.000	3.6 (0.6)	0.136	2.8 (0.6)	1.000
Women	4.2 (0.7)	3.6 (0.7)	3.6 (0.5)	3.5 (0.7)	2.8 (0.7)
Age groups (y) †
18–30	4.2 (0.8)	0.005∗	3.5 (0.8)	0.303	3.7 (0.6)	0.183	3.6 (0.7)	1.000	2.9 (0.7)	0.019∗
31–45	4.2 (0.6)	3.6 (0.8)	3.6 (0.5)	3.6 (0.7)	2.8 (0.6)
46–60	4.3 (0.7)	3.6 (0.7)	3.6 (0.5)	3.6 (0.6)	2.9 (0.7)
> 60	3.9 (0.8)	3.4 (0.8)	3.5 (0.6)	3.6 (0.7)	2.6 (0.6)
Educational status†
< High school	4.2 (0.7)	0.041∗	3.5 (0.7)	0.003∗	3.6 (0.5)	0.080	3.6 (0.7)	0.682	2.7 (0.6)	0.101
High school	4.2 (0.6)	3.8 (0.7)	3.6 (0.5)	3.6 (0.6)	2.8 (0.6)
> High school	3.9 (0.9)	3.5 (1.1)	3.4 (0.7)	3.5 (0.7)	2.9 (0.7)
Monthly income‡
≤ 10,000	4.2 (0.6)	< 0.0001∗	3.5 (0.7)	0.265	3.6 (0.5)	0.0003∗	3.7 (0.6)	0.0004∗	2.7 (0.6)	0.0004∗
> 10,000	3.6 (0.9)	3.7 (1.2)	3.2 (0.7)	3.3 (0.7)	3.1 (0.7)
Chronic conditions†
Rheumatologic	4.2 (0.6)	0.348	3.6 (0.8)	0.445	3.5 (0.5)	0.434	3.6 (0.6)	0.715	2.8 (0.6)	0.707
Gynecologic	4.2 (0.8)	3.7 (0.7)	3.6 (0.6)	3.6 (0.7)	2.8 (0.7)
Allergic	4.0 (0.9)	3.5 (0.8)	3.5 (0.6)	3.5 (0.6)	2.7 (0.5)
Health status†
Poor to fair	4.1 (0.7)	0.006∗	3.4 (0.8)	0.001∗	3.5 (0.6)	0.063	3.6 (0.7)	0.339	2.7 (0.7)	0.004∗
Good	4.3 (0.6)	3.7 (0.7)	3.6 (0.4)	3.7 (0.6)	2.8 (0.6)
Very good–excellent	4.0 (0.8)	3.7 (0.9)	3.7 (0.7)	3.7 (0.7)	3.1 (0.7)

Data are presented as mean (SD).

ANOVA = analysis of variance; PACIC-20 = Patient-Assessed Chronic Illness Care; SD = standard deviation.

^‡Independent t test.

^†one-way ANOVA.

^∗p less than 0.05 (two-tailed) considered as statistically significant.