TABLE 2.
Clinical Outcomes From the Included Studies
| Article | No. of Subjects | Identification Technique | Sports | Category | Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesis, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarsen et al2 | 203 | Visual observation | Handball | Overhead | Abduction: 49/203 (24) Flexion: 100/203 (62) |
| Aytar et al1 | 63 | Lateral scapular slide test | Wheelchair basketball | Overhead | 17/22 (77) |
| Disabled table tennis, amputee soccer | Nonoverhead | 15/41 (37) | |||
| Park et al24 | 165 Overhead ≥80% (80%)a | Visual observation | Baseball, swimming, javelin throwing, handball, basketball, golf, table tennis, diving, bowling, archery, “occasional sporting activity” | Overhead | 145/165 (88) |
| Struyf et al30 | 113 | Visual observation | Volleyball, badminton, tennis, baseball, handball | Overhead | 37/113 (28) |
| Park et al23 | 89 Overhead ≥80% (93%)a | Visual observation | Baseball, volleyball, swimming, badminton, golf, “occasional sporting activity” | Overhead | 122/178 shoulders Maximum: 89/89 patients (100) Minimum: 61/89 patients (69) Average: 75/89 patients (84) |
| Tate et al32 | 67 | Visual observation | Swimming | Overhead | 32/67 (48) |
| Kawasaki et al8 | 103 | Visual observation | Rugby | Nonoverhead | 33/103 (32) |
| Madsen et al17 | 78 | Visual observation | Swimming | Overhead | 0/78 (0) |
| Merolla et al19 | 31 | Visual observation | Volleyball | Overhead | 31/31 (100) |
| Reeser et al27 | 276 | Visual observation | Volleyball | Overhead | 158/276 (57) |
| McClure et al18 | 142 | Visual observation | Water polo, swimming, baseball, softball, volleyball, tennis | Overhead | 89/142 (63) |
| Koslow et al16 | 71 | Lateral scapular slide test | Basketball, baseball, tennis, volleyball | Overhead | 52/71 (73) |
aArticles with mixed overhead and nonoverhead athletes (without reporting separate results) were designated as overhead if ≥80% of the athletes were classified as overhead athletes.
bClarsen et al2 reported results when tested in flexion and in abduction separately. Both are reported, but only prevalence in abduction was included in the overall analysis.
cPark et al23 reported the prevalence in shoulders, rather than by patients. The average of the maximum (patients were assumed to have only 1 shoulder involved) and minimum (patients were assumed to have 2 shoulders involved) number of patients with the number of affected shoulders was used for overall analysis.