Table 1. Baseline characteristics of COPD patients cared for by an MD or an APP during 2010.
| Demographic Characteristic | Overall n(%) | MD(%) | APP(%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 7257 | 5258 | 1999 |
| Age group (years) (%) | |||
| 66–74 | 36.24 | 32.85 | 45.17 |
| 75–84 | 45.03 | 46.50 | 41.17 |
| 85 + | 18.73 | 20.65 | 13.66 |
| Gender (%)Female | 64.24 | 65.21 | 61.68 |
| Male | 35.76 | 34.79 | 38.32 |
| Race (%)White | 86.18 | 84.58 | 90.40 |
| Black | 7.48 | 7.97 | 6.20 |
| Hispanic | 3.10 | 3.84 | 1.15 |
| Others | 3.24 | 3.61 | 2.25 |
| Residence area (%)a Non-metropolitan | 26.22 | 19.72 | 43.32 |
| Metropolitan | 73.78 | 80.28 | 56.68 |
| Medicaid Eligibility (%)b Yes | 35.48 | 34.29 | 38.62 |
| No | 64.52 | 65.71 | 61.38 |
| United State regions (%) | |||
| New England | 4.85 | 4.24 | 6.45 |
| Middle Atlantic | 11.66 | 13.35 | 7.20 |
| East North Central | 16.80 | 18.30 | 12.86 |
| West North Central | 6.89 | 5.33 | 11.01 |
| South Atlantic | 21.99 | 23.34 | 18.46 |
| East South Central | 11.26 | 7.95 | 19.96 |
| West South Central | 13.19 | 13.96 | 11.16 |
| Mountain | 3.89 | 3.33 | 5.35 |
| Pacific | 9.48 | 10.21 | 7.55 |
| Hospitalization in prior year (%) | |||
| None | 46.69 | 46.04 | 48.37 |
| 1 | 28.06 | 28.39 | 27.16 |
| > = 2 | 25.26 | 25.56 | 24.46 |
| Provider outpatient visits in prior year (Mean ± Std) | 14.89±10.08 | 15.05±9.95 | 14.46±10.42 |
| (Median, Q1-Q3) | 13, 8–19 | 13, 8–20 | 12, 7–19 |
| Number of comorbidityc(Mean ± Std) | 3.53±2.49 | 3.58±2.49 | 3.39±2.51 |
| Comorbidities(%)Yes | |||
| Complicated Hypertension | 75.16 | 76.38 | 71.94 |
| Uncomplicated Hypertension | 15.21 | 16.03 | 13.06 |
| Complicated Diabetes | 9.54 | 9.57 | 9.45 |
| Uncomplicated Diabetes | 32.01 | 32.31 | 31.22 |
| Neurological Disease | 5.00 | 5.23 | 4.40 |
| Hypothyroidism | 18.55 | 18.83 | 17.81 |
| Renal Failure | 13.37 | 13.29 | 13.56 |
| Liver Disease | 2.23 | 2.47 | 1.60 |
| AIDS | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Metastatic Cancer | 1.61 | 1.22 | 2.65 |
| Coagulopathy | 3.91 | 3.97 | 3.75 |
| Obesity | 5.62 | 5.48 | 6.00 |
| Alcohol Abuse | 1.43 | 1.22 | 2.00 |
| Psychoses | 1.38 | 1.52 | 1.00 |
| Depression | 11.27 | 11.11 | 11.71 |
| CHF/Valve/cardiac arrhythmia | 45.12 | 45.47 | 44.17 |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MD = Doctor of Medicine; APP = Advance practice provider; std = standard deviation; CHF = congestive heart failure.
aMetro/Non-Metro area: defined by Rural-Urban Continuum Codes from the US Department of Agriculture.
bMedicaid Eligibility: based on whether the patient was eligible for state buy-in coverage provided by the Medicaid program for at least one month during the index year.
cElixhauser comorbidity: chronic pulmonary disease, CHF, valvular disease, pulmonary circulation disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, hypertension, paralysis, other neurological disorders, diabetes-uncomplicated, diabetes-complicated, hypothyroidism, renal failure, liver disease, peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding, AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), lymphoma, metastatic cancer, solid tumor without metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases, coagulopathy, obesity, weight loss, fluid and electrolyte disorders, blood loss anemia, deficiency anemia, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychoses, and depression.