Table 3. Hazard ratio (95% CI) of mortality by sleep measures.
| All cause (628 deaths) | CVD (217 deaths) | Cancer (171 deaths) | Non-cancer Non-CVD (240 deaths) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||
| AHI ≥30 vs. <30 | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.06 (0.86-1.29) | 1.38 (1.00-1.90) | 0.89 (0.59-1.34) | 0.90 (0.63-1.27) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.03 (0.84-1.27) | 1.35 (0.98-1.88) | 0.88 (0.58-1.33) | 0.86 (0.60-1.24) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.03 (0.84-1.26) | 1.33 (0.97-1.84) | 0.88 (0.59-1.33) | 0.87 (0.61-1.24) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.03 (0.84-1.27) | 1.34 (0.97-1.85) | 0.87 (0.58-1.32) | 0.87 (0.61-1.26) |
| ≥10% vs. <10% TST SaO2<90% | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.28 (1.02-1.61) | 1.24 (0.85-1.80) | 1.30 (0.84-1.99) | 1.32 (0.91-1.92) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.13 (0.90-1.43) | 1.12 (0.77-1.64) | 1.29 (0.83-2.00) | 1.09 (0.74-1.60) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.17 (0.93-1.46) | 1.08 (0.74-1.58) | 1.27 (0.83-1.96) | 1.17 (0.80-1.70) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.07 (0.85-1.35) | 1.02 (0.69-1.49) | 1.27 (0.82-1.98) | 1.00 (0.68-1.47) |
| ≥1% vs. <1% TST SaO2<80% | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.58 (1.15-2.20) | 1.54 (0.90-2.65) | 2.46 (1.45-4.17) | 0.99 (0.50-1.94) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.54 (1.09-2.16) | 1.53 (0.88-2.68) | 2.30 (1.35-3.92) | 0.81 (0.37-1.78) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.54 (1.11-2.14) | 1.48 (0.86-2.55) | 2.45 (1.44-4.14) | 0.94 (0.48-1.86) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.57 (1.11-2.22) | 1.62 (0.93-2.84) | 2.31 (1.36-3.94) | 0.82 (0.38-1.81) |
| TST <5 vs. 5-8 | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.28 (1.02-1.62) | 1.25 (0.85-1.84) | 0.98 (0.61-1.58) | 1.56 (1.09-2.24) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.17 (0.92-1.48) | 1.19 (0.80-1.77) | 0.94 (0.58-1.53) | 1.35 (0.92-1.97) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.20 (0.95-1.51) | 1.15 (0.78-1.69) | 0.97 (0.60-1.56) | 1.45 (1.01-2.08) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.12 (0.89-1.42) | 1.12 (0.76-1.67) | 0.93 (0.58-1.52) | 1.28 (0.87-1.88) |
| TST >8 vs. 5-8 | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.02 (0.76-1.37) | 0.93 (0.55-1.55) | 0.59 (0.29-1.20) | 1.46 (0.96-2.21) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 0.94 (0.69-1.27) | 0.92 (0.55-1.55) | 0.57 (0.27-1.17) | 1.29 (0.83-2.00) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.03 (0.77-1.38) | 0.94 (0.56-1.57) | 0.59 (0.29-1.20) | 1.47 (0.97-2.22) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 0.83 (0.71-1.31) | 0.95 (0.56-1.61) | 0.57 (0.28-1.18) | 1.32 (0.85-2.05) |
| Sleep latency ≥60 vs. <60 min | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.25 (0.99-1.58) | 1.24 (0.84-1.84) | 1.23 (0.78-1.93) | 1.28 (0.88-1.87) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.13 (0.89-1.44) | 1.14 (0.76-1.71) | 1.22 (0.77-1.94) | 1.06 (0.71-1.58) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.19 (0.94-1.50) | 1.15 (0.78-1.70) | 1.22 (0.77-1.92) | 1.20 (0.82-1.75) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.12 (0.88-1.42) | 1.13 (0.75-1.69) | 1.25 (0.79-1.98) | 1.04 (0.70-1.56) |
| WASO ≥90 vs. <90 min | ||||
| Model 1: Crude model | 1.50 (1.28-1.77) | 1.57 (1.19-2.07) | 1.30 (0.95-1.79) | 1.59 (1.23-2.07) |
| Model 2a: Model 1 + MV | 1.34 (1.14-1.59) | 1.45 (1.09-1.92) | 1.24 (0.90-1.72) | 1.36 (1.03-1.79) |
| Model 2b: Model 1 + # high inflammatory markers | 1.47 (1.25-1.73) | 1.52 (1.15-2.01) | 1.29 (0.94-1.78) | 1.56 (1.20-2.03) |
| Model 3: Model 1 + MV* + # high inflammatory markers | 1.32 (1.12-1.57) | 1.44 (1.08-1.91) | 1.24 (0.89-1.71) | 1.33 (1.01-1.76) |
Crude models is adjusted for age, study site, race, and body mass index
*
MV=Multivariable models adjusted for: age, study site, race, BMI, probable depression, cognition, alcohol use, education, smoking status, caffeine use, physical activity, chronic disease (any arthritis (including osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, and any non-skin cancer history), self-reported health and medication use (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, sedatives/hypnotics, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids)
Abbreviations: CVD=Cardiovascular Disease; AHI=apnea hypopnea index; TST=Total Sleep Time; SaO2=Oxygen Saturation; WASO=Wake After Sleep Onset; Bold= Statistically significant.