Table 1.
Family sociodemographic and maternal psychological characteristics (n=125)
| Sociodemographic Characteristics a | Number (%)/ Mean ± SD |
Range |
|---|---|---|
| Family income in last 12 months | ||
| <$5,000–$11,999 | 30 (24) | |
| $12,000–$24,999 | 29 (23) | |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 11 (9) | |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 14 (11) | |
| ≥$100,000 | 41 (33) | |
| Maternal education | ||
| <High school | 8 (6) | |
| High school degree/GED | 33 (26) | |
| Some college | 31 (25) | |
| 2-Year degree | 7 (6) | |
| 4-Year degree | 20 (16) | |
| Master’s degree | 11 (9) | |
| Doctoral/professional degree | 15 (12) | |
| Maternal marital status | ||
| Married | 56 (45) | |
| Moves during child's life | ||
| 0 | 35 (28) | |
| 1 | 38 (30) | |
| 2 | 17 (14) | |
| 3 | 21 (17) | |
| 4 | 7 (6) | |
| 5 | 2 (2) | |
| 6+ | 5 (4) | |
| Maternal financial stress | 14.62 ± 6.87 | 6–30 |
| Maternal Psychological Characteristics b | ||
| Maternal depressive symptoms | 13.62 ± 10.91 | 0–47 |
| Maternal anxiety | 37.39 ± 9.62 | 20–62 |
| Maternal parenting and life stress | 67.67 ± 17.26 | 36–113 |
Note. SD=Standard deviation. GED=General equivalency diploma.
Variables included in financial hardship factor. There were no missing data for maternal education, marital status, or moves during child's life. Family income data were missing or classified as “don’t know” for 10% of the sample; incomplete data were substituted with the mean of the sample group. Financial stress data were missing for 6% of the sample, but no participant was missing more than one item. Missing items were imputed with the mean score of the completed items.
Variables included in maternal distress factor. Missing data on psychological measures ranged from 10–18%, but only six participants were missing more than one item per instrument. Missing data were imputed with mean scores of completed items in the scale (or subscale for the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form).