Table 1.
Prevalence of retinal NV and associated risk factors†
| Characteristics | No Retinal NV | Retinal NV | Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Eyes | 13,704 | 106 (0.77%) | ||
| Age<35 (compared to age>35) | 5,357 (39%) | 57 (54%) | 1.8 (1.2 – 2.9)* | 2.0 (1.2 – 3.4)* |
| Female (compared to male) | 8,598 (63%) | 64 (60%) | 0.90 (0.57 – 1.4) | 0.90 (0.56 – 1.5) |
| Behçet Disease | 322 (2.4%) | 4 (3.8%) | 1.6 (0.59 – 4.5) | 0.63 (0.22 – 1.8) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 114 (0.83%) | 4 (3.8%) | 4.7 (1.1 – 20)* | 2.9 (0.69 – 13) |
| Sarcoidosis | 911 (6.7%) | 9 (8.5%) | 1.3 (0.57 – 3.0) | 1.3 (0.55 – 2.9) |
| HLA-B27+ | 1550 (11%) | 0 | 0 (0 – 2.8) †† | 0 (0 – 0.9) †† |
| HLA-A29+ | 275 (2.0%) | 1 (0.94%) | 0.47 (0.060 – 3.4) | 0.15 (0.020 – 1.1) |
| Hypertension | 2,587 (19%) | 23 (21%) | 1.2 (0.68 – 2.1) | 1.3 (0.71 – 2.4) |
| Diabetes | 783 (5.7%) | 7 (6.4%) | 1.2 (0.53 – 2.5) | 1.4 (0.61 – 3.2) |
| Bilateral uveitis | 9,661 (71%) | 97 (92%) | 4.5 (2.3 – 9.0)** | 2.6 (1.3 – 5.3)** |
| Current Smoker (compared to never smoker) | 2,364 (17%) | 24 (23%) | 1.8 (1.0 – 3.9)* | 1.5 (0.81 – 2.6) |
| Former Smoker (compared to never smoker) | 1,386 (10%) | 8 (7.6%) | 1.0 (0.39 – 2.7) | 0.99 (0.36 – 2.7) |
| Uveitis diagnosis ≤ 1 year (vs >5 years) | 6,505 (47%) | 53 (50%) | 2.1 (0.99–4.3) | 1.7 (0.81 – 3.6) |
| Uveitis diagnosis between 1 and 5 years (vs >5 years) | 3,900 (28%) | 40 (38%) | 2.6 (1.2 – 5.5)* | 2.2 (1.0 – 4.6)* |
| Site of inflammation | ||||
| Anterior uveitis | 7,820 (57%) | 12 (11%) | 1.0 (reference group) | 1.0 (reference group) |
| Intermediate uveitis | 2,197 (16%) | 21 (20%) | 6.2 (2.7 – 14)** | 4.5 (1.9 – 10)** |
| Posterior uveitis | 2,116 (15%) | 52 (49%) | 16 (7.7 – 33)** | 12 (5.9 – 26)** |
| Panuveitis | 1,571 (11%) | 21 (20%) | 8.7 (3.8 – 20)** | 6.6 (2.8 – 15)** |
| Activity | ||||
| Inactive inflammation | 4,781 (42%) | 24 (23%) | 1.0 (reference group) | 1.0 (reference group) |
| Slightly active inflammation | 1,569 (14%) | 25 (24%) | 3.2 (1.6 – 6.2)** | 2.3 (1.2 – 4.6)* |
| Active inflammation | 5,128 (45%) | 55 (53%) | 2.1 (1.2 – 3.8)* | 1.5 (0.84 – 2.6) |
| Macular edema | 1,603 (11%) | 30 (28%) | 3.0 (1.8 – 4.9)** | 2.1 (1.2 – 3.5)** |
| Epiretinal membrane | 586 (4.3%) | 23 (22%) | 6.2 (3.7 – 11)** | 4.5 (2.6 – 7.8)** |
| Exudative retinal detachment | 162 (1.2%) | 5 (4.7%) | 4.1 (1.7 – 10.2)** | 2.1 (0.83 – 5.5) |
| Choroidal NV | 77 (0.56%) | 4 (3.8%) | 6.9 (2.5 – 19)** | 2.7 (0.90 – 8.1) |
| Snowballs present | 788 (5.8%) | 3 (2.8%) | 0.48 (0.15 – 1.5) | 0.30 (0.090 – 0.98)* |
| Retinal vascular sheathing | 859 (6.3%) | 16 (15%) | 2.7 (1.4 – 5.0)** | 1.1 (0.6 – 2.0) |
| Retinal vascular occlusion | 73 (0.53%) | 8 (7.6%) | 15 (6.6 – 35)** | 4.7 (1.9 – 11)** |
| Active inflammatory chorioretinal lesions | 904 (6.6%) | 9 (8.5%) | 1.3 (0.6 – 3.0) | 0.40 (0.17 – 0.92)* |
Adjusted analysis adjusts for age category, gender, bilateral inflammation, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, time from diagnosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
For characteristics which were not present in any patients with retinal NV, an odds ratio (OR) of zero is given but an estimated confidence interval is calculated using a profile likelihood method (see text for details).
These conditions with low numbers of retinal neovascularization are available in supplemental tables online and omitted from the print versions for brevity. Data reporting risk based on gradings of anterior chamber cell, vitreous cell, and vitreous haze are available in the supplemental table.
Takayasu arteritis and dermatomyositis had fewer than 5 observations in both the prevalence and incidence analyses and are omitted from the tables.
=p<0.05
=p<0.01