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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2016 Jan 8;151:69–77. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.042

Table 1. Association between depression symptom severity and lagged food insufficiency.

Predictor Mean Q20 Q40 Q60 Q80
  β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI
Food insufficient in past week
(per day)		  0.70 0.46,0.94  0.18 0.07,0.29  0.43 0.29,0.57  0.85 0.49,1.22  2.09 1.30,2.87
Assigned to intervention arm  −0.10 −0.72,0.52  −0.12 −0.34,0.10  −0.17 −0.47,0.13  −0.08 −0.60,0.43  0.18 −1.54,1.90
Age (per 5 years)  0.35 0.03,0.67  0.10 −0.00,0.21  0.23 0.06,0.40  0.36 0.10,0.61  0.35 −0.68,1.38
Household asset wealth
 Poorest Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Poorer  −0.73 −1.72,0.26  −0.41 −0.82,−0.00  −0.40 −0.87,0.08  −0.37 −1.26,0.51  −1.88 −6.58,2.81
 Middle  −1.14 −2.21,−0.07  −0.70 −1.08,−0.32  −0.87 −1.32,−0.41  −0.96 −1.91,−0.01  −2.40 −6.83,2.03
 Richer  −1.02 −2.09,0.05  −0.51 −0.95,−0.07  −0.59 −1.05,−0.13  −0.76 −1.84,0.31  −1.11 −5.96,3.75
 Richest  −1.32 −2.35,−0.28  −0.58 −0.98,−0.17  −0.68 −1.12,−0.24  −0.9 −1.87,0.07  −2.49 −6.70,1.72
Completed high school  −1.43 −2.45,−0.41  −0.42 −0.84,0.01  −0.83 −1.34,−0.31  −1.06 −2.00,−0.12  −4.08 −6.83,−1.32
Time point
 Baseline Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 6 months  −0.6 −1.33,0.12  0.06 −0.23,0.34  −0.20 −0.60,0.19  −0.67 −1.40,0.06  −3.33 −6.29,−0.36
 18 months  −0.66 −1.40,0.08  −0.60 −0.88,−0.32  −0.97 −1.39,−0.56  −0.79 −1.64,0.06  −2.07 −4.93,0.79
Employed  −1.13 −1.86,−0.41  −0.35 −0.62,−0.07  −0.35 −0.69,−0.01  −0.91 −1.44,−0.38  −2.69 −4.44,−0.93
Father of child present  −0.48 −1.16,0.19  −0.19 −0.43,0.06  −0.36 −0.66,−0.07  −0.70 −1.29,−0.10  −0.66 −2.45,1.13
HIV serostatus
 HIV-negative Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Unknown  0.89 −0.82,2.60  −0.06 −0.75,0.63  0.05 −0.73,0.82  0.66 −0.96,2.27  1.17 −3.86,6.20
 HIV-positive  0.54 −0.20,1.28  0.21 −0.06,0.48  0.23 −0.11,0.57  0.33 −0.31,0.97  1.11 −2.35,4.57
AUDIT-C score (per point)  0.12 −0.04,0.29  0.05 −0.01,0.11  0.09 −0.00,0.18  0.12 −0.07,0.31  0.24 −0.20,0.68
Monthly household income
 0-499 ZAR Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 500-1000 ZAR  0.05 −1.58,1.68  0.12 −0.66,0.89  0.03 −0.79,0.86  −0.70 −3.52,2.11  3.19 −6.83,13.20
 1001-2000 ZAR  −0.65 −2.18,0.88  0.03 −0.66,0.71  −0.37 −1.14,0.39  −0.81 −3.52,1.91  0.24 −10.97,11.44
 2001-5000 ZAR  −1.03 −2.57,0.50  −0.26 −0.93,0.40  −0.70 −1.45,0.06  −1.02 −3.73,1.69  −1.56 −12.95,9.82
 5001-8000 ZAR  −1.64 −3.37,0.08  −0.14 −0.86,0.57  −0.79 −1.60,0.03  −1.54 −4.24,1.15  −2.97 −14.13,8.18
 ≥8000 ZAR  −2.17 −4.13,−0.20  −0.32 −1.10,0.46  −1.08 −1.97,−0.20  −1.83 −4.62,0.95  −2.76 −14.24,8.72
Self-reported diabetes  2.32 −0.57,5.22  0.09 −1.02,1.20  1.45 −0.89,3.79  2.52 −1.57,6.60  1.19 −18.90,21.28
Self-reported hypertension  1.06 −0.15,2.27  0.24 −0.16,0.65  0.42 −0.14,0.99  0.83 −0.06,1.72  3.76 −1.81,9.33

AUDIT-C, three-item consumption subset of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; ZAR, South African Rand

The first column displays the results from the conditional mean regression. Q20, Q40, Q60, and Q80 denote quantile regression estimates at the respective percentiles of the conditional distribution of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).