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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2016 Jan 8;151:69–77. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.042

Table 2. Association between changes in depression symptom severity and changes in food insufficiency.

Mean Q20 Q40 Q60 Q80
Predictor   β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI   β 95% CI
Food insufficient in past week
(per day)		  0.94 0.67,1.22  0.59 0.39,0.80  0.7 0.55,0.86  0.97 0.82,1.11  1.68 1.45,1.91
Time point
 Baseline Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 6 months  −3.27 −3.86,−2.67  −3.31 −3.96,−2.66  −3.61 −4.13,−3.09  −3.97 −4.52,−3.42  −4.42 −5.24,−3.61
 18 months  −3.95 −4.56,−3.33  −3.93 −4.62,−3.24  −4.18 −4.77,−3.60  −4.35 −4.91,−3.79  −5.16 −5.94,−4.39
 36 months  −4.11 −4.78,−3.43  −4.21 −4.94,−3.49  −4.47 −4.98,−3.96  −4.79 −5.36,−4.21  −5.01 −5.99,−4.04
Employed  0.11 −0.68,0.89  0.43 −0.21,1.08  0.32 −0.06,0.69  0.04 −0.29,0.37  0.00 −0.66,0.66
Father of child present  −0.66 −1.53,0.21  −0.41 −0.94,0.12  −0.31 −0.60,−0.02  −0.7 −0.94,−0.45  −0.97 −1.47,−0.46
HIV serostatus
 HIV-negative Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Unknown  −0.41 −1.96,1.14  0.4 −1.86,2.67  0.08 −0.91,1.08  −0.52 −1.32,0.27  −1.17 −2.88,0.55
 HIV-positive  0.08 −1.41,1.58  −0.34 −0.93,0.24  −0.21 −0.56,0.13  0.28 0.01,0.55  0.82 0.16,1.47
AUDIT-C score (per point)  0.23 0.07,0.40  0.09 −0.02,0.20  0.16 0.07,0.26  0.25 0.16,0.33  0.36 0.22,0.49
Monthly household income
 0-499 ZAR Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 500-1000 ZAR  −1.25 −2.62,0.12  −1.49 −2.78,−0.20  −1.37 −2.24,−0.50  −0.83 −1.89,0.22  −0.31 −2.00,1.37
 1001-2000 ZAR  −1.75 −3.04,−0.46  −1.96 −3.15,−0.77  −1.94 −2.72,−1.16  −1.47 −2.31,−0.63  −1.31 −2.91,0.29
 2001-5000 ZAR  −1.93 −3.21,−0.65  −1.89 −3.01,−0.76  −2.13 −2.86,−1.39  −1.83 −2.64,−1.01  −1.47 −2.97,0.03
 5001-8000 ZAR  −2.08 −3.62,−0.54  −1.6 −2.94,−0.26  −1.97 −2.80,−1.14  −1.89 −2.80,−0.97  −1.77 −3.38,−0.15
 ≥8000 ZAR  −2.36 −4.15,−0.57  −1.81 −3.29,−0.33  −2.33 −3.37,−1.28  −2.07 −3.03,−1.12  −2.05 −4.01,−0.09
Self-reported diabetes  −1.85 −4.50,0.80  −2.23 −4.51,0.05  −0.75 −1.83,0.34  −0.91 −2.07,0.25  −1.16 −2.82,0.50
Self-reported hypertension  0.83 −0.28,1.94  0.15 −0.84,1.13  0.71 0.12,1.29  0.69 0.09,1.28  1.75 0.56,2.94

AUDIT-C, three-item consumption subset of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; ZAR, South African Rand

The first column displays the results from the conditional mean (fixed-effects) regression. Q20, Q40, Q60, and Q80 denote fixed-effects quantile regression estimates at the respective percentiles of the conditional distribution of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).