Table 4. Characteristics associated with death for children on admission to Vientiane hospital (univariate analysis).
| Mortality | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | Crude OR | 95%CI | p | |
| Euglycemia | 3/201 | 1.4 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 10/15 | 66.6 | 132 | 29.0–596.5 | <0.001 |
| Low glycemia | 6/99 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 1.1–15.6 | 0.02 |
| Hyperglycemia | 2/35 | 5.7 | 4 | 0–21.9 | 0.1 |
| Abnormal blood glucose | 18/149 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 2.7–29.3 | <0.001 |
| Socio-characteristics | |||||
| Male | 5/138 | 3.6 | 1 (Ref.) | 1 | |
| Female | 16/212 | 7.5 | 2.1 | 0.8–5.8 | 0.1 |
| Aged ≥12 Months | 14/246 | 5.7 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Aged <12 Months | 7/104 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.9 | 0.8 |
| Some immunization | 13/310 | 4.2 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Never immunized | 8/40 | 20.0 | 5.7 | 2.2–14.1 | 0.001 |
| Urban residential area | 5/125 | 4.0 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Rural residential area | 16/225 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 0.6–4.9 | 0.3 |
| Not poor | 2/136 | 1.5 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Poor | 19/214 | 8.9 | 6.5 | 1.7–23.8 | 0.004 |
| Mother ≥25 years | 84/329 | 25.5 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Mother <25 years | 11/21 | 52.4 | 3.2 | 1.3–7.6 | 0.007 |
| Education (Mother) | |||||
| Tertiary | 1/105 | 0.9 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Illiterate | 4/7 | 57.1 | 138.6 | 14.7–256.2 | <0.001 |
| Primary | 10/99 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 1.8–62.1 | |
| Secondary | 6/135 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 0.6–33.7 | |
| Disease Characteristics | |||||
| Direct admission | 18 /327 | 5.5 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Referral | 3/23 | 13.0 | 2.5 | 0.7–9.0 | 0.14 |
| Illness ≥2 days | 1/33 | 3.0 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Illness <2 days | 20/317 | 6.3 | 2.1 | 0.06–3.4 | 0.4 |
| Fasting < 5 hrs | 51/329 | 15.5 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Fasting ≥5 hrs | 10/21 | 47.6 | 4.9 | 2.0–12.0 | <0.001 |
| Conscious | 14/317 | 4.4 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Coma | 7/33 | 21.2 | 5.8 | 2.3–14.2 | 0.002 |
| Able to drink | 14/328 | 4.2 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Unable to drink | 7/22 | 31.8 | 10.4 | 3.6–29.7 | <0.001 |
| Acute diarrhea | 6/62 | 9.6 | 1.9 | 0.7–5.2 | 0.1 |
| No dehydration | 13/294 | 4.4 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Severe dehydration | 5/12 | 41.6 | 15.4 | 4.5–53.0 | <0.001 |
| No malnutrition | 15/304 | 4.9 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Severe malnutritiona | 6/46 | 13.0 | 2.8 | 0.8–8.4 | <0.03 |
| No pneumonia | 16/289 | 5.5 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Severe pneumonia | 5/61 | 8.2 | 1.5 | 0.5–4.3 | 0.4 |
| No vomiting | 11/202 | 5.4 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Vomiting | 10/148 | 6.7 | 1.2 | 0.5–3.0 | 0.6 |
| No convulsion | 19/317 | 5.9 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Convulsion | 2/33 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 0.2–4.5 | 0.9 |
| No hepatomegaly | 10/239 | 4.1 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| Hepatomegaly | 11/111 | 9.9 | 2.5 | 1.0–5.9 | 0.03 |
| SaO2≥90 | 13/302 | 4.3 | 1 (Ref.) | ||
| SaO2<90 | 8/48 | 16.6 | 4.4 | 1.7–11.3 | 0.002 |
OR: Odd ratio; CI: Confidence interval. Variables with p<0.2 were included in the multivariate analysis of Table 5.
aWeight for height or height for age or weight for age or BMI ≤ 3 Standard Deviation