Table 1.
Key transcription factors regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation and maturation.
| S. No. | Name | Category | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TBX21 | Transcription factor | Induce IFN-γ production | Szabo et al., 2000 |
| GATA-3 | Transcription factor | Master regulator of Th2 cell differentiation | Zheng and Flavell, 1997 | |
| 2 | STAT-1 | STAT protein | Induces TBX21 expression | Afkarian et al., 2002 |
| 3 | STAT-4 | STAT protein | Induces IFN-γ production and expression of TBX21 | Usui et al., 2003 |
| 4 | STAT-5 | STAT protein | Th2 differentiation | Zhu et al., 2003 |
| 5. | STAT-6 | STAT protein | Induce GATA-3 | Takeda et al., 1996 |
| 6 | Runx-3/Eomes | Transcription repressor | Induces IFN-γ expression | Naoe et al., 2007 |
| 7 | IRF-1 | IFN regulated factor | Induces IFN-γ expression | Kano et al., 2008 |
| 8 | IRF-4 | IFN regulated factor | Up regulate GATA-3 expression | Lohoff et al., 2002 |
| 9 | HLX | Other factor | Enhances TBX21 mediated IFN-γ production | Mullen et al., 2002 |
| 10 | Ets-1 | Other factor | Cofactor for TBX21 | Grenningloh et al., 2005 |
| 11 | GFi-1 | Transcription repressor | Promote Th2 cell differentiation | Li et al., 1999 |
| 12 | IKaros | Other transcription factor | Suppress Th1 cell differentiation | Quirion et al., 2009 |
| 13 | cMaf | Other transcription factor | Enhances IL-4 production | Kim et al., 1999 |
| 14 | JunB | Other transcription factor | Enhances IL-4 production | Li et al., 1999 |
| 15 | Dec2 | Other transcription factor | Induce GATA-3 expression | Yang et al., 2009 |
| 16 | Blimp-1 | Other transcription factor | Suppresses expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ | Martins and Calame, 2008 |
| 17 | IL-12 | Cytokines | Induction of Th1 cell differentiation | Hsieh et al., 1993 |
| 18 | IFN-γ | Cytokines | Induction of Th1 cell differentiation | Lighvani et al., 2001 |
| 19 | IL-4 | Cytokines | Induction of Th2 cell differentiation | Swain et al., 1990; Seder et al., 1992 |
| 20 | IL-2 | Cytokines | Induction of Th1 cell differentiation | Le Gros et al., 1990 |
| 21 | ROR-γt | Transcription factor | Induction of Th17 cell differentiation | Park et al., 2005 |
| 22 | ROR-α | Transcription factor | Promote Th17 differentiation | Park et al., 2005 |
| 23 | STAT3 | STAT protein | Induction of Th17 cell differentiation | Park et al., 2005 |
| 24 | IL-6 | Cytokine | Induction of Th17 cell differentiation | Harrington et al., 2005 |
| 25 | TGF-β | Transcription factor | Induction of both Th17and Treg cell differentiation | Bettelli et al., 2006 |
| 26 | Foxp3 | Transcription factor | Induction of Treg cell differentiation | Zhou et al., 2008 |