Table 3.

Comparison of serum elements level in cement workers, residents near cement factory, and controls using post hoc analysis.

Parameter	Groups		Mean diff.	p value
	Cem. workers	Controls
	n = 50	n = 100
Fe (μg/dL)	102.08 ± 1.78	150.99 ± 1.35	−48.92 ± 2.19	0.000∗
Zn (μg/dL)	80.95 ± 2.01	106.52 ± 0.70	−25.58 ± 1.97	0.000∗
Pb (μg/dL)	15.93 ± 0.42	10.33 ± 0.60	5.60 ± 0.89	0.000∗
As (μg/dL)	0.011 ± 0.002	0.003 ± 0.002	0.008 ± 0.001	0.000∗
Cd (μg/dL)	0.042 ± 0.008	0.022 ± 0.001	0.035 ± 0.005	0.000∗
Cr (μg/dL)	0.033 ± 0.013	0.012 ± 0.000	0.021 ± 0.002	0.000∗
Se (μg/dL)	0.023 ± 0.004	0.044 ± 0.015	−0.010 ± 0.002	0.000∗
Mn (μg/L)	2.97 ± 0.074	2.58 ± 0.038	0.39 ± 0.078	0.000∗
Cu (μg/dL)	216.65 ± 6.93	173.07 ± 3.66	43.58 ± 7.917	0.000∗
	Residents	Controls
	n = 60	n = 100
Fe (μg/dL)	96.13 ± 1.429	150.99 ± 1.35	−54.86 ± 0.08	0.000∗
Zn (μg/dL)	78.25 ± 1.863	106.52 ± 0.70	−28.28 ± 1.16	0.000∗
Pb (μg/dL)	20.091 ± 0.643	10.33 ± 0.60	9.76 ± 0.04	0.000∗
As (μg/dL)	0.011 ± 0.005	0.003 ± 0.002	0.007 ± 0.003	0.000∗
Cd (μg/dL)	1.95 ± 0.21	0.022 ± 0.001	1.93 ± 0.143	0.000∗
Cr (μg/dL)	1.60 ± 0.13	0.012 ± 0.000	1.60 ± 0.08	0.000∗
Se (μg/dL)	1.75 ± 0.13	0.044 ± 0.015	1.71 ± 0.09	0.000∗
Mn (μg/L)	3.35 ± 0.06	2.58 ± 0.038	0.77 ± 0.07	0.000∗
Cu (μg/dL)	234.62 ± 7.17	173.07 ± 3.66	61.56 ± 0.50	0.000∗
	Cem. workers	Residents
	n = 50	n = 60
Fe (μg/dL)	102.08 ± 1.78	96.13 ± 1.43	5.945 ± 2.422	0.015∗
Zn (μg/dL)	80.95 ± 2.007	78.25 ± 1.86	2.69 ± 2.19	0.219
Pb (μg/dL)	15.93 ± 0.42	20.09 ± 0.64	−4.16 ± 0.98	0.000∗
As (μg/dL)	0.011 ± 0.002	0.011 ± 0.005	.0002 ± 0.0005	0.693
Cd (μg/dL)	0.042 ± 0.008	1.95 ± 0.212	−1.91 ± 0.168	0.000∗
Cr (μg/dL)	0.033 ± 0.013	1.60 ± 0.125	−1.57 ± 0.10	0.000∗
Se (μg/dL)	0.023 ± 0.004	1.75 ± 0.127	−1.73 ± 0.103	0.000∗
Mn (μg/L)	2.97 ± 0.074	3.35 ± 0.062	−.38 ± 0.09	0.000∗
Cu (μg/dL)	216.65 ± 6.93	234.62 ± 7.17	−17.97 ± 8.75	0.041∗

   ^∗Significant at p < 0.05.