Figure 1.

Desired immune interactions upon PAMP stimulation of immature dendritic cells. PAMPs trigger immature MoDC (iDC) to mature DC (mDC) and activate cells involved in antitumor responses (NK cells and CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells). The (crucial) cytokine milieu (only IL-12 and IFN-γ are shown) generated by their activation can break the tolerizing effects of the TME resulting in killing of tumor cells by CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells. Apoptotic material from tumors may be taken up by resident DC and may enhance the immune response.