Table 2.
The distribution of non-gastrointestinal comorbid conditions in cases with the specific definition of chronic constipation and matched controls
| Condition | Chronic constipation n = 262 (%) | Matched controls n = 262 (%) | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neurological diseases | 71 (27%) | 52 (20%) | 0.07 |
| Stroke | 13 (5%) | 13 (5%) | 1.00 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 11 (4%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.006 |
| Other neurological disorders | 59 (23%) | 46 (18%) | 0.19 |
| Metabolic diseases | 85 (32%) | 66 (25%) | 0.07 |
| Diabetes | 43 (16%) | 41 (16%) | 0.90 |
| Hypothyroidism | 51 (19%) | 37 (14%) | 0.10 |
| Others metabolic diseases | 4 (2%) | 3 (1%) | 1.00 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 102 (39%) | 94 (36%) | 0.50 |
| Myocardial infarction | 28 (11%) | 22 (8%) | 0.45 |
| Angina | 81 (31%) | 68 (26%) | 0.22 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 64 (24%) | 59 (23%) | 0.65 |
| Hypertension | 150 (57%) | 149 (57%) | 1.00 |
| Hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia | 154 (59%) | 150 (57%) | 0.78 |
| Psychiatric diseases | 82 (31%) | 74 (28%) | 0.50 |
| Psychosis | 2 (1%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1.00 |
| Depression | 68 (26%) | 54 (21%) | 0.16 |
| Anxiety | 43 (16%) | 40 (15%) | 0.81 |
| Eating disorders | 1 (0.4%) | 9 (3%) | 0.02 |
| Urological diseases | 49 (32%) | 36 (24%) | 0.12 |
| Urinary incontinence | 38 (15%) | 28 (11%) | 0.21 |
| Urgency | 21(8%) | 18 (7%) | 0.74 |
| Other | 30 (20%) | 21 (14%) | 0.23 |
| Gynecological conditions | 33 (22%) | 38 (25%) | 0.60 |
| Hysterectomy | 32 (12%) | 35 (13%) | 0.79 |
| Uterine prolapse | 4 (2%) | 9 (3%) | 0.27 |
a
The univariate association with comorbidities was assessed using McNemar’s test in an analysis accounting for the matching (a total of 262 matched pairs (cases and controls)).