Table 3.

Observed proportions of gastrointestinal comorbid conditions in cases with the specific definition of chronic constipation (CC) vs all remaining subjects including non-CC controls (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI))

Gastrointestinal comorbid conditions	Cases n = 307 (13%)	Controls n = 2020 (87%)	OR (95% CI)a	p-value
Hemorrhoid	67 (16%)	363 (84%)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.48
Anal fissure	8 (14%)	48 (86%)	1.1 (0.5–2.3)	0.87
Rectocele	13 (22%)	45 (78%)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	0.43
Anal or rectal cancer	3 (43%)	4 (57%)	4.7 (1.0–22.2)	0.049
Fecal incontinence	2 (5%)	36 (95%)	0.3 (0.1–1.1)	0.06
Colon cancer	4 (19%)	17 (81%)	1.2 (0.4–3.7)	0.73
Enterocele/sigmoidocele	3 (11%)	25 (89%)	0.6 (0.2–1.9)	0.34
Diverticulosis	105 (16%)	564 (84%)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.79
Diverticulitis	14 (14%)	85 (86%)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.67
Small bowel/colonic stricture/stenosis	3 (6%)	43 (94%)	0.4 (0.1–1.2)	0.10
IBSb	15 (12%)	107 (88%)	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	0.30
Ischemic colitis	5 (31%)	11 (69%)	2.2 (0.7–6.4)	0.15
Microscopic colitis	1 (7%)	14 (93%)	0.4 (0.1–3.2)	0.39
Crohn’s disease	1 (10%)	9 (90%)	0.8 (0.1–6.2)	0.80
Ulcerative colitis	1 (8%)	11 (92%)	0.5 (0.1–4.1)	0.54
Prior cancer	109 (17%)	527 (83%)	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.23
Peptic ulcer disease	5 (18%)	23 (82%)	1.2 (0.5–3.3)	0.70
Celiac disease	2 (22%)	7 (78%)	2.0 (0.4–9.9)	0.40
Anal surgery	6 (33%)	12 (67%)	3.3 (1.2–9.1)	0.02
Colonic surgery	8 (12%)	61 (88%)	0.7 (0.3–1.5)	0.36
Cholecystectomy	16 (13%)	109 (87%)	0.8 (0.5–1.4)	0.42
Abdominal hernia	8 (17%)	38 (83%)	1.3 (0.6–2.8)	0.55
Any abdominal surgery	63 (15%)	364 (85%)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	0.82

IBS: irritable bowel syndrome.

^aORs (95% CI) for comorbid conditions in subjects with constipation v. without constipation, adjusted for age and gender.

^bIBS diagnosis was from chart abstraction (not from survey data).