Table 1.

Maize	Cd stress (mg kg−1)	Inoculation	Cd concentrations in each cell fraction (mg kg−1)
			Cell wall	Chloroplast-leaf/trophoplast-root	Membrane and organelle	Soluble
Root	10	−DSE	65.77 ± 1.16	22.12 ± 1.05	7.57 ± 0.55	58.35 ± 3.03
		+DSE	34.33 ± 0.95***	4.62 ± 0.46***	1.65 ± 0.39***	25.58 ± 1.10***
	50	−DSE	212.98 ± 6.60	120.97 ± 1.83	33.78 ± 0.81	234.45 ± 4.35
		+DSE	126.45 ± 3.03***	25.60 ± 1.98***	13.48 ± 1.27***	83.67 ± 0.52***
	100	−DSE	839.63 ± 4.87	363.06 ± 9.04	245.82 ± 13.09	809.57 ± 12.71
		+DSE	679.56 ± 9.59***	98.33 ± 6.14***	72.77 ± 1.90***	367.15 ± 9.31***
Leaf	10	−DSE	21.19 ± 0.01	11.65 ± 0.85	0.73 ± 0.03	25.13 ± 2.13
		+DSE	17.63 ± 0.88**	6.18 ± 0.95**	0.63 ± 0.03*	11.68±1.83**
	50	−DSE	70.78 ± 3.05	36.33 ± 1.10	9.10 ± 0.53	76.55 ± 2.20
		+DSE	66.88 ± 2.03	23.38 ± 1.12***	5.85 ± 0.44**	32.28 ± 1.23***
	100	−DSE	268.68 ± 5.60	156.40 ± 2.85	63.20 ± 0.35	206.95 ± 8.41
		+DSE	153.68 ± 2.78***	74.72 ± 1.30***	18.67 ± 1.10***	54.37 ± 2.82***

Subcellular distribution of Cd in maize inoculated with DSE (+DSE) or not (−DSE) under a series of Cd²⁺ stresses (0, 10, 50, 100 mg kg⁻¹), examining the effect of DSE inoculation (mg kg⁻¹, means ± SEM, n = 6; *indicates significant differences at 0.01 < p < 0.05, **indicates significant differences at 0.001 < p < 0.01, ***indicates significant differences at p < 0.001 level, ANOVA). No Cd²⁺ was observed for the no Cd control (data not shown).