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. 2016 Feb 25;6:22028. doi: 10.1038/srep22028

Table 2.

Material Cd stress (mg kg−1) Inoculation Fethanol Fdd-H2O FNaCl FHAc FHCl Fresidue
Matrix 10 −DSE 0.09 ± 0.01 0.28 ± 0.01 3.71 ± 0.04 3.21 ± 0.02 0.07 ± 0.01 1.86 ± 0.10
+DSE 0.11 ± 0.00** 0.32 ± 0.01** 3.94 ± 0.01** 3.34 ± 0.01** 0.11 ± 0.01** 1.75 ± 0.04
50 −DSE 0.94 ± 0.03 1.64 ± 0.08 21.88 ± 0.12 10.98 ± 0.03 0.69 ± 0.02 13.43 ± 0.07
+DSE 1.05 ± 0.01** 1.85 ± 0.07* 23.06 ± 0.01*** 12.16 ± 0.02*** 0.80 ± 0.01** 10.99 ± 0.02***
100 −DSE 16.76 ± 0.16 7.05 ± 0.10 26.86 ± 0.03 14.33 ± 0.19 4.17 ± 0.16 28.87 ± 0.57
+DSE 14.43 ± 0.09* 4.26 ± 0.11* 34.49 ± 1.35** 18.70 ± 0.32* 1.75 ± 0.16*** 25.57 ± 0.89*
Root 10 −DSE 3.63 ± 0.11 24.97 ± 0.21 32.30 ± 0.52 10.60 ± 0.10 4.51 ± 0.11 19.33 ± 0.09
+DSE 2.63 ± 0.05*** 9.83 ± 0.12*** 31.02 ± 0.81 20.20 ± 0.92*** 7.80 ± 0.03*** 11.64 ± 0.04***
50 −DSE 11.76 ± 0.11 92.43 ± 0.21 105.88 ± 0.52 41.48 ± 0.10 13.51 ± 0.11 71.06 ± 0.09
+DSE 8.87 ± 0.05*** 15.62 ± 0.12*** 122.97 ± 0.81*** 82.03 ± 0.92*** 35.94 ± 0.03*** 32.10 ± 0.04***
100 −DSE 132.91 ± 1.20 1109.17 ± 1.02 1225.72 ± 2.65 501.70 ± 3.51 89.80 ± 1.85 931.96 ± 3.67
+DSE 105.52 ± 1.48*** 539.12 ± 1.57*** 1279.26 ± 2.63*** 850.49 ± 1.51*** 199.52 ± 1.63*** 741.62 ± 3.01***
Leaf 10 −DSE 7.67 ± 0.37 12.22 ± 0.87 16.26 ± 0.35 7.69 ± 0.45 6.67 ± 0.68 12.70 ± 0.91
+DSE 3.01 ± 0.11*** 13.31 ± 0.82 13.99 ± 1.09* 9.56 ± 0.48** 7.55 ± 0.87 9.84 ± 0.70*
50 −DSE 25.03 ± 0.24 36.12 ± 0.34 46.48 ± 0.99 21.02 ± 0.98 17.58 ± 1.04 51.78 ± 0.94
+DSE 12.21 ± 0.79*** 32.86 ± 0.91** 31.12 ± 1.02*** 27.03 ± 0.55** 22.42 ± 0.94** 31.34 ± 0.66***
100 −DSE 85.87 ± 1.95 152.28 ± 1.68 195.47 ± 2.53 60.94 ± 3.12 61.61 ± 3.62 192.48 ± 1.89
+DSE 23.90 ± 0.64*** 69.55 ± 3.37*** 86.10 ± 2.34*** 80.77 ± 4.35** 59.73 ± 0.83 61.7 ± 3.67***

Distribution of Cd chemical forms by 5 different extraction solutions (Fethanol represents inorganic Cd extracted by 80% ethanol, Fdd-H2O for water soluble Cd by dd-H2O, FNaCl for pectate and protein Cd by NaCl, FHAc for undissolved Cd by acetic acid, FHCl for Oxalate Cd by HCl, Fresidue for residue Cd) as described by Fu, et al.57 in the culture matrixes and maize roots and leaves, under a series of Cd stresses (0, 10, 50, 100 mg kg−1), examining the effect of DSE inoculation (mg kg−1, means ±  SEM, n = 6; *indicates significant differences at 0.01 < p < 0.05, **indicates significant differences at 0.001 < p < 0.01, ***indicates significant differences at p < 0.001 level, ANOVA). No Cd2+ was observed for the no Cd control (data not shown).