Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of factors associated to air flow limitation and chronic obstructive lung disease
| Factors | AFL–LLN | COPD–LLN | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | p value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 1.93 (1.00–3.73) | 0.049 | 2.42 (1.12–5.20) | 0.024 |
| Age group, years | ||||
| 19–39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 40–59 | 1.99 (1.04–3.81) | 0.037 | 1.33 (0.57–3.09) | 0.504 |
| ≥60 | 2.16 (0.79–5.92) | 0.134 | 2.52 (0.82–7.73) | 0.106 |
| Tobacco smoking | ||||
| Non smokers | 1 | / | / | |
| Current smoker | 1.86 (0.84–4.07) | 0.124 | / | / |
| Ex-smokers | 0.81(0.26–2.52) | 0.713 | / | / |
| HIV infection | ||||
| No | 1 | / | / | |
| Yes | 3.94 (0.47–33.21) | 0.208 | / | / |
| Don’t know | 1.62 (0.85–3.06) | 0.140 | / | / |
| Lifetime wheezing | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.65 (1.13–6.20) | 0.024 | 2.88 (1.06–7.81) | 0.037 |
TB tuberculosis, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, AFL air flow limitation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, LLN lower limit of normal, OR odd’s ration, CI confidence interval