Fig. 3.

RES causes the accumulation of cells in S phase, induces apoptosis, and suppresses colony forming ability in renal cell carcinoma. a Caki-1 and 786-O cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/well) were treated with 50 μM of RES for 24 h. Then, the cells were fixed and analyzed using a flow cytometry. The results shown here are representative of three independent experiments. b Caki-1 and 786-O cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/well) were treated with 50 μM of RES for 24 h. Afterward, the cells were incubated with anti-Annexin V antibody conjugated with FITC plus PI and analyzed with a flow cytometer for apoptotic effects. The results shown here are representative of three independent experiments. c Two cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/well) were treated with RES at 50 μM concentrations for 24 h and the cells were incubated with TMRE (tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester) and then analyzed by a flow cytometry. The results shown here are representative of three independent experiments. d Caki-1 and 786-O cells were incubated with RES and subsequently allowed to grow into colonies. After 14 days incubation, cells were fixed with 10 % formalin and stained with crystal violet reagent, photographed and colonies were counted and represented graphically. Results are representative of two independent experiments