Table 2.
Univariable comparison between the group that did not develop any bacteriuria at all and the group that developed respectively only ASB, cystitis or AGPN
| No bacteriuria versus only ASB | No bacteriuria versus cystitis | No bacteriuria versus AGPN | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No bacteriuria (REF) N = 211 (61.5 %) | Only ASB N = 63 (18.4 %) | Univariable analysis HR (95 % CI) | P value | Cystitis N = 26 (7.6 %) | Univariable analysis HR (95 % CI) | P value | AGPN N = 43 (12.5 %) | Univariable analysis HR (95 % CI) | P value | |
| Variables | ||||||||||
| TMP-SMX prophylaxis | 117 (55.5) | 46 (73.0) | 2.03 (1.17–3.55) | 0.012 | 21 (80.8) | 3.12 (1.18–8.28) | 0.022 | 28 (65.1) | 1.46 (0.78–2.73) | 0.239 |
| Age of recipient | 51 (38–59) | 54 (46–64) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.029 | 56 (44–60) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.108 | 54 (38–62) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.282 |
| Female gender | 85 (40.3) | 38 (60.3) | 2.01 (1.22–3.33) | 0.007 | 13 (50.0) | 1.43 (0.67–3.10) | 0.357 | 16 (37.2) | 1.18 (0.63–2.18) | 0.610 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (a) | 49 (23.2) | 19 (30.2) | 1.37 (0.80–2.35) | 0.250 | 13 (50.0) | 1.13 (1.45–6.75) | 0.004 | 13 (30.2) | 1.39 (0.73–2.67) | 0.320 |
| BMI of recipient | 25.0 +/−4.30 | 25.3 +/−4.35 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.576 | 27.0 +/−6.7 | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 0.027 | 25.0 +/−3.9 | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | 0.932 |
| Age of donor | 49 (40–56) | 53 (43–65) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.010 | 51 (40–58) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.738 | 48 (37–57) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.992 |
| Allograft from deceased donor | 122 (57.8) | 50 (79.4) | 1.22 (0.73–2.03) | 0.453 | 23 (88.5) | 5.28 (1.59–17.60) | 0.007 | 30 (69.8) | 1.61 (0.84–3.09) | 0.152 |
| Delayed graft function | 60 (28.4) | 19 (30.2) | 1.08 (0.63–1.84) | 0.790 | 13 (50.0) | 2.41 (1.12–5.21) | 0.025 | 17 (39.5) | 1.56 (0.85–2.87) | 0.156 |
| Acute rejection | 43 (20.4) | 19 (30.2) | 1.56 (0.91–2.67) | 0.109 | 8 (30.8) | 1.64 (0.71–3.78) | 0.244 | 10 (23.3) | 1.12 (0.55–2.28) | 0.751 |
| Indwelling urological catheter (b) | 5 (2.4) | 28 (44.4) | 12.94 (7.76–21.57) | <0.001 | 5 (19.2) | 8.22 (3.09–21.90) | <0.001 | 15 (34.9) | 11.24 (5.92–21.33) | <0.001 |
| First transplantation | 180 (85.3) | 54 (85.7) | 1.04 (0.52–2.11) | 0.907 | 22 (84.6) | 0.97 (0.34–2.83) | 0.961 | 38 (88.4) | 1.27 (0.50–3.22) | 0.619 |
| CMV disease | 16 (7.6) | 6 (9.5) | 1.26 (0.54–2.92) | 0.592 | 1 (3.8) | 0.50 (0.07–3.66) | 0.491 | 3 (7.0) | 0.88 (0.28–2.87) | 0.842 |
| Maintenance therapy | ||||||||||
| Tacrolimus + MMF + steroids | 122 (57.8) | 41 (65.1) | 1.00 | 18 (69.2) | 1.00 | 24 (55.8) | 1.00 | |||
| MMF + cyclosporine + steroids | 22 (10.4) | 8 (12.7) | 1.02 (0.48–2.19) | 0.851 | 2 (7.7) | 0.65 (0.15–2.81) | 0.567 | 6 (14.0) | 1.30 (0.53–3.19) | 0.563 |
| MA + cyclosporine + steroids | 67 (31.8) | 14 (22.2) | 0.65 (0.35–1.19) | 0.164 | 6 (23.1) | 0.63 (0.25–1.57) | 0.319 | 13 (30.2) | 0.97 (0.49–1.90) | 0.919 |
| Induction therapy | ||||||||||
| Basiliximab | 134 (63.5) | 39 (61.9) | 0.94 (0.56–1.56) | 0.805 | 43 (52.3) | 0.58 (0.27–1.24) | 0.159 | 30 (69.8) | 1.28 (0.67–2.46) | 0.455 |
Continuous variables are depicted as mean with +/− standard deviation or as median with (25–75 %) interquartile range. Nominal variables are depicted as the total number analysed with its percentage (%). AGPN allograft pyelonephritis, ASB asymptomatic bacteriuria, CI confidence interval, CMV cytomegalovirus, MA mycophenolic acid, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, NA not applicable, HR hazard ratio, REF reference, TMP-SMX trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
a: The variable “diabetes mellitus” includes type 1, type 2 diabetes and new onset of diabetes after transplantation (NODAT), irrespective of whether it was the primary disease which led to renal failure
b: The variable “Indwelling urological catheter” represents Foley catheter, nephrostomy catheter and intermittent self-catheterisation