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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2014 Jun 18;193(2):645–654. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301836

Figure 3. TGF-β blocks the release of IL-31 by Th2 cells.

Figure 3

A. Naïve CD4+ T cells were cultured with α-CD3/α-CD28 + IL-4 and treated with TGF-β1 in concentrations as indicated to induce a gradual switchover from the Th2-phenotype toward the Th9-phenotype. After one week in culture, cells were re-stimulated under the same conditions. Protein expression of IL-31 and IL-9 after one week of re-stimulation was assessed by ELISA. Mean values of duplicates from 7 experiments using cells from individual donors are shown (black horizontal bars signify the overall means; statistical analyses: one-way ANOVA/Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. * p ≤ 0.05.). B. Naïve CD4+ T cells were cultured under Th2-polarzing conditions and re-stimulated under Th2- or Th9-promoting conditions for 6 days. Expression of Il31, Il9, Stat6 and Spi1 was analyzed by q-RT-PCR. Data show mean values of at least 6 experiments; error bars indicate standard deviations. Statistical analyses: t-test. * p ≤ 0.05.