Table 3.
Comparison of maternal complications among early neonatal deaths in Niger, 2007–2010, with those of all births in Niger and perinatal and early neonatal deaths and neonatal survivors in other countries
| Multi–country survey* [12] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Niger VASA | Niger | All countries | Kenya [8] | Bangladesh [9] | Palestine [10] | |||||
| ENM | All births | ENM | Surv | PNM | Surv | PNM | Surv | PNM | Surv | |
| N = 298 | N = 10 871 | N = 2528 | N = 298 912 | N = 108 | N = 802 | N = 86 | N = 1498 | N = 80 | N = 808 | |
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
|
|
Pregnancy complications: | ||||||||||
| Maternal infection† |
17.9 |
0.2 |
2.6 |
0.5 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Antepartum hemorrhage |
12.5 |
0.5 |
5.7 |
0.6 |
8.3 |
0.4 |
12.8 |
2.7 |
12.5 |
0.7 |
| Eclampsia/preeclampsia |
9.5 |
1.6 |
9.7 |
2.2 |
– |
– |
19.8 |
8.6 |
26.3 |
18.4 |
| Premature rupture of membranes |
6.8 |
– |
– |
– |
12.0 |
1.6 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Malaria |
6.7 |
– |
0.5 |
0.1 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Anemia |
3.1 |
– |
4.8 |
1.2 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Diabetes |
0.0 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Any pregnancy complication |
36.4 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
37.5 |
7.4 |
|
Labor and delivery complications: | ||||||||||
| Intrapartum hemorrhage |
16.1 |
– |
1.4 |
0.2 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Prolonged labor |
5.2 |
– |
– |
– |
17.6 |
7.2 |
– |
– |
7.5 |
4.3 |
| Preterm labor |
8.2 |
– |
52.2 |
6.0 |
12.0 |
1.6 |
45.3 |
21.7 |
57.5 |
9.3 |
| Maternal infection |
4.5 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Eclampsia/preeclampsia |
0.8 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Malaria |
0.7 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Anemia |
0.3 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
| Any labor/delivery complication |
28.0 |
– |
– |
– |
60.2 |
14.0 |
– |
– |
45.0 |
24.3 |
| Any maternal complication | 52.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ENM – early neonatal mortality, PNM – perinatal mortality, Surv– neonatal survivors
*The referenced study did not distinguish between antepartum and intrapartum complications. The distinctions made here are based on information provided in the paper; for example, placenta previa was categorized as antepartum hemorrhage, and ruptured uterus as intrapartum hemorrhage.
†For Niger VASA ENM, maternal infection = sepsis; for all multi–country survey results, maternal infection = any one or more of pyelonephritis, influenza–like illness, other systemic infection/sepsis.