Table 7. Univariate analysis of social factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant TB, the Philippines, 2012–2014*.
| Category | Total | Case-patients† | Control-patients† | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distance between participant's home and treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | |||||
| Comparison 1 | |||||
| 0 to <1 km | 23 | 7 (23.3) | 16 (31.4) | 0.67 (0.24–1.87) | 0.44 |
| 1 to <5 km (referent) | 58 | 23 (76.7) | 35 (68.6) | 1.00 | |
| Comparison 2 | |||||
| 5 to <10 km | 46 | 13 (36.1) | 33 (48.5) | 0.6 (0.26–1.37) | 0.23 |
| 1 to <5 km (referent) | 58 | 23 (63.9) | 35 (51.5) | 1.00 | |
| Comparison 3 | |||||
| >10 km | 104 | 38 (62.3) | 66 (65.3) | 0.88 (0.45–1.7) | 0.69 |
| 1 to <5 km (referent) | 58 | 23 (37.7) | 35 (34.7) | 1.00 | |
| Comparison 4 | |||||
| Not sure/don't know | 42 | 10 (30.3) | 32 (47.8) | 0.48 (0.2–1.15) | 0.10 |
| 1 to <5 km (referent) |
58 |
23 (69.7) |
35 (52.2) |
1.00 |
|
| Usual mode of transportation/transportation used to cover the greatest distance traveling to the treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | |||||
| Walk | |||||
| Yes | 37 | 19 (20.9) | 18 (9.9) | 2.4 (1.19–4.85) | 0.01 |
| No | 236 | 72 (79.1) | 164 (90.1) | 1.00 | |
| Public transportation | |||||
| Yes | 239 | 79 (86.8) | 160 (87.9) | 0.91 (0.43–1.92) | 0.80 |
| No | 34 | 12 (13.2) | 22 (12.1) | 1.00 | |
| Personal vehicle | |||||
| Yes | 16 | 6 (6.6) | 10 (5.5) | 1.21 (0.43–3.45) | 0.72 |
| No |
257 |
85 (93.4) |
172 (94.5) |
1.00 |
|
| Major challenges when traveling to the treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | |||||
| The center was far away | |||||
| Yes | 141 | 52 (57.8) | 89 (48.9) | 1.43 (0.86–2.38) | 0.17 |
| No | 131 | 38 (42.2) | 93 (51.1) | 1.00 | |
| Did not always have money for transportation | |||||
| Yes | 193 | 71 (78) | 122 (67.4) | 1.72 (0.96–3.08) | 0.07 |
| No | 79 | 20 (22) | 59 (32.6) | 1.00 | |
| Did not have the time to go for treatment | |||||
| Yes | 36 | 18 (19.8) | 18 (9.9) | 2.23 (1.1–4.54) | 0.02 |
| No | 236 | 73 (80.2) | 163 (90.1) | 1.00 | |
| Going for treatment caused problems with work or school | |||||
| Yes | 81 | 33 (36.3) | 48 (26.5) | 1.58 (0.92–2.71) | 0.10 |
| No | 191 | 58 (63.7) | 133 (73.5) | 1.00 | |
| Did not have anyone to go with | |||||
| Yes | 52 | 24 (26.4) | 28 (15.4) | 1.97 (1.06–3.65) | 0.03 |
| No | 221 | 67 (73.6) | 154 (84.6) | 1.00 | |
| The center’s hours were not convenient | |||||
| Yes | 23 | 11 (12.1) | 12 (6.6) | 1.95 (0.82–4.6) | 0.12 |
| No |
250 |
80 (87.9) |
170 (93.4) |
1.00 |
|
| Minutes to travel from home to treatment center, intensive phase of treatment | 272 | 51.00 (43.56)‡ | 54.16 (45.03)‡ | 1.00 (0.99–1.00)§ | 0.583 |
| Minutes to travel from home to treatment center, continuation phase of treatment | 198 | 22.25 (15.93)‡ | 31.07 (36.94)‡ | 0.99 (0.97–1.01)§ | 0.057 |
| Patient self-stigmatization | 272 | 6.20 (2.76)‡ | 5.66 (2.44)‡ | 1.09 (0.98–1.20)§ | 0.104 |
*Boldface indicates significance. TB, tuberculosis. †No. (%) unless noted otherwise. ‡Mean (SD). §Odds ratio is per 1 point increase in unit.