Table 2. Clinical and demographic information for published cases of cardiac device infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria*.
| Year (ref) | Age, y/ sex | Organism | Type | Onset† | Bacteremia/ lead infection‡ | IE§ | Macrolide resistant | Device removed | Antimicrobial drug therapy | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mycobacterium fortuitum group | ||||||||||
| 1998 (6) | 74/M | M. fortuitum + M. chelonae | PPM | 13 d | NR/NR | NR | NR | Yes | FQ + AG × 4 wk | Cured |
| 2005 (9) | 62/F | M. fortuitum | PPM | 6 mo | Yes/yes | Yes | No | Yes | CLR + CIP × 4 wk, DOX + CIP × 24 wk | Cured |
| 2005 (10) | 74/M | M. peregrinum | ICD | 6 wk | Yes/NR | NR | No | Yes | CLR + CIP × 6 wk | Cured |
| 2005 (8) | 72/M | M. fortuitum | PPM | 2 wk | No/NR | No | Yes | Yes | CIP + AG × 2 wk, CIP × 6 mo | Cured |
| 61/M | M. fortuitum | ICD | 17 mo | No/yes | No | Yes | Yes | LVX × >1 y¶ | Cured | |
| 2006 (11) | 80/M | M. fortuitum | PPM | 18 d | Yes/NA | No | No | No | CLR + CIP × 6 wk | Cured |
| 2007 (13) | 84/F | M. fortuitum | PPM | 1 mo | No/no | No | Yes | Yes | LVX × 3 mo | Cured |
| 2007 (15) | 78/F | M. fortuitum | PPM | 3 mo | Yes/yes | No | NR | Yes | CLR + LVX + LZD × 2 wk, CLR + LVX × 6 mo | Cured |
| 2007 (16) | 78/F | M. fortuitum | PPM | <4 mo | Yes/NR | NR | NR | Yes | CLR + LVX + LZD × 2 wk, CLR + LVX × 22 wk | Cured |
| 77/F | M. mageritense | PPM | 3 wk | NR/NA | NR | NR | No | FQ × 6 mo | Cured | |
| 2009 (18) | 15/F | M. fortuitum | PPM | 7 wk | Yes/yes | No | No | Yes | CLR + CIP × 6 mo | Cured |
| 2010 (20) | 78/M | M. fortuitum | PPM | NR | Yes/NR | NR | NR | Yes | CLR + CIP × 26 wk | Cured |
| 2012 (23) | 43/M | M. fortuitum | ICD | 4 y | Yes/yes | Yes | No | Yes | CLR + CIP + AG | Died |
| 2012 (22) | 75/M | M. peregrinum | PPM | 1 y | Yes/yes | No | NR | Yes | CLR + CIP × mo | Cured |
| 2015# |
60/M |
M. fortuitum group |
ICD |
6 wk |
Yes/no |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
CLR + CIP + FOX |
Died |
|
M. abscessus complex | ||||||||||
| 1998 (5) | 68/M | M. abscessus | PPM | 19 y | NR/yes | NR | No | Yes | CLR + AG + FOX × 5 wk | Died |
| 2005 (7) | 53/M | M. abscessus | ICD | 2 wk | NR/NR | NR | Yes | Yes | CLR × 24 wk | Cured |
| 2007 (14) |
43/F |
M. massiliense
|
PPM |
11 mo |
NR/yes |
NR |
No |
Yes |
CLR × 6 mo |
Cured |
|
M. smegmatis complex | ||||||||||
| 2006 (12) | 86/M | M. goodii | PPM | 16 d | Yes/NR | NR | NR | Yes | Multiple, ending with MIN + AG × 2 wk | Cured |
| 2008 (17) | 85/M | M. goodii | ICD | <7 d | No/NR | No | NR | Yes | TMP/SXT × 8 wk | Cured |
| 2009 (19) |
23/M |
M. goodii
|
PPM |
8 d |
No/NA |
No |
Yes |
No |
DOX + FQ × 6 mo |
Cured |
|
M. chelonae complex | ||||||||||
| 2014 (24) |
63/M |
M. chelonae
|
PPM |
NR |
No/yes |
Yes |
NR |
Yes |
CLR + LVX + AG × >2 mo |
Cured |
| Ungrouped rapidly growing species | ||||||||||
| 2011 (21) | 73/M | M. phlei | ICD | 1 mo | No/NR | NR | No | Yes | SXT + DOX × 12 mo | Cured |
*AG, aminoglycoside; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLR, clarithromycin; DOX, doxycycline; FOX, cefoxitin; FQ, fluoroquinolone other than CIP or LVX; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IE, infective endocarditis; LVX, levofloxacin; LZD, linezolid; MIN, minocycline; NA, not available; NR, not reported; PPM, permanent pacemaker; ref, reference; TMP/SXT, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. †Time since most recent device manipulation. ‡Defined as positive lead culture, acid fast stain, or presumptive diagnosis on the basis of imaging or operative findings. §Transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiographic findings as defined by the Duke criteria (25). ¶No end date for therapy was specified, but patient had at least 1 year of treatment. #The patient described in this article.