Figure 2.

Physiological factors driving weight regain after weight loss. Changes in specific parameters that drive weight regain are indicated in red. AgRP, agout-related peptide; GIP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; CART, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; CCK, cholecystokinin; PYY, peptide YY; NPY, neuropeptide Y; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; REE, resting energy expenditure; NREE, non-resting energy expenditure. ‘Central' and ‘peripheral' refer to the site where the molecules are produced, rather than where they necessarily act. In gthe brain, insulin acts as an anorexigenic hormone.^{13, 104, 105} However, in the periphery, insulin lowers blood sugar, which potently stimulates food intake.¹⁰⁶