Table 3.
Percentage of households with adult smokers with a smoke-free home rule,a by state and whether a child aged <18 years lives in the household†—United States, 1992/1993 and 2010/2011.
| State | All households with adult smokers | Households with children <18† | Households without children <18 † | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992/1993 | 2010/2011c | Relative changed | 1992/1993 | 2010/2011c | Relative changed | 1992/1993 | 2010/2011c | Relative changed | |
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Alabama | 6.7 | 38.4 | +473.1 | 9.7 | 45.5 | +369.1 | e | 35.5 | – |
| Alaska | 14.1 | 56.5 | +300.7 | 16.3 | 79.3 | +386.5 | 11.4 | 47.7f | +318.4 |
| Arizona | 17.2 | 64.8 | +276.7 | 23.3 | 70.8 | +203.9 | 9.6f | 62.9 | +555.2 |
| Arkansas | 5.3 | 35.9 | +577.4 | 6.9 | 54.2 | +685.5 | e | 30.0f | – |
| California | 19.0 | 67.9 | +257.4 | 24.0 | 86.8 | +261.7 | 13.1f | 62.0f | +373.3 |
| Colorado | 10.2 | 55.6 | +445.1 | 13.9 | 77.6 | +458.3 | 6.1 | 48.5f | +695.1 |
| Connecticut | 11.7 | 47.5 | +306.0 | 14.6 | 60.8 | +316.4 | e | 42.8f | – |
| Delaware | 9.9 | 39.1 | +294.9 | 12.5 | 53.8 | +330.4 | e | 33.6f | – |
| D.C. | 5.5 | 31.7 | +476.4 | e | 42.8 | – | e | 29.6 | – |
| Florida | 13.2 | 57.1 | +332.6 | 17.7 | 73.4 | +314.7 | 8.0f | 53.1f | +563.8 |
| Georgia | 7.9 | 51.9 | +557.0 | 8.4 | 70.2 | +735.7 | e | 44.0f | – |
| Hawaii | 12.7 | 57.3 | +351.2 | 18.0 | 77.2 | +328.9 | e | 48.0f | – |
| Idaho | 11.5 | 61.6 | +435.7 | 16.4 | 68.7 | +318.9 | 5.0f | 59.3 | +1,086.0 |
| Illinois | 7.2 | 38.1 | +429.2 | 8.9 | 50.6 | +468.5 | 5.0 | 33.4f | +568.0 |
| Indiana | 7.8 | 31.4 | +302.6 | 9.8 | 48.8 | +398.0 | e | 23.5f | – |
| Iowa | 5.6 | 41.4 | +639.3 | 6.3 | 58.4 | +827.0 | 4.5 | 36.6f | +713.3 |
| Kansas | 4.9 | 43.1 | +779.6 | 6.7 | 57.2 | +753.7 | e | 37.9f | – |
| Kentucky | 3.6 | 29.3 | +713.9 | 4.5 | 43.3 | +862.2 | e | 23.7f | – |
| Louisiana | 11.6 | 45.6 | +293.1 | 11.6 | 64.3 | +454.3 | 11.6 | 35.9f | +209.5 |
| Maine | 8.1 | 50.5 | +523.5 | 10.3 | 69.3 | +572.8 | 5.6 | 43.8f | +682.1 |
| Maryland | 6.3 | 48.9 | +676.2 | 9.3 | 57.7 | +520.4 | e | 46.0 | – |
| Massachusetts | 10.0 | 42.2 | +322.0 | 12.2 | 71.0 | +482.0 | 7.0 | 35.2f | +402.9 |
| Michigan | 6.1 | 36.0 | +490.2 | 8.0 | 53.0 | +562.5 | 3.6f | 29.6f | +722.2 |
| Minnesota | 7.8 | 48.9 | +526.9 | 8.7 | 70.6 | +711.5 | 6.7 | 42.1f | +528.4 |
| Mississippi | 9.1 | 47.4 | +420.9 | 10.5 | 60.3 | +474.3 | e | 41.9 | – |
| Missouri | 7.6 | 36.0 | +373.7 | 9.1 | 52.1 | +472.5 | e | 29.2f | – |
| Montana | 7.4 | 49.7 | +571.6 | 8.8 | 60.1 | +583.0 | 5.5 | 46.1 | +738.2 |
| Nebraska | 8.6 | 49.2 | +472.1 | 12.6 | 63.6 | +404.8 | e | 43.1f | – |
| Nevada | 10.3 | 55.1 | +435.0 | 12.4 | 65.7 | +429.8 | 7.9 | 52.3 | +562.0 |
| New Hampshire | 7.3 | 44.4 | +508.2 | 9.1 | 59.3 | +551.6 | e | 40.1f | – |
| New Jersey | 10.1 | 47.5 | +370.3 | 13.2 | 55.9 | +323.5 | 5.4f | 45.1 | +735.2 |
| New Mexico | 11.4 | 54.7 | +379.8 | 13.5 | 58.7 | +334.8 | e | 53.3 | – |
| New York | 8.1 | 36.5 | +350.6 | 10.3 | 53.5 | +419.4 | 5.4f | 30.5f | +464.8 |
| North Carolina | 8.6 | 36.7 | +326.7 | 10.4 | 47.8 | +359.6 | 5.9f | 32.7 | +454.2 |
| North Dakota | 8.3 | 47.7 | +474.7 | 8.2 | 69.4 | +746.3 | 8.6 | 39.6f | +360.5 |
| Ohio | 6.0 | 34.3 | +471.7 | 7.7 | 53.3 | +592.2 | 3.3f | 25.9f | +684.8 |
| Oklahoma | 6.0 | 40.5 | +575.0 | 8.4 | 60.1 | +615.5 | e | 33.3f | – |
| Oregon | 13.1 | 65.6 | +400.8 | 18.6 | 82.4 | +343.0 | 7.3 | 60.6 | +730.1 |
| Pennsylvania | 7.9 | 39.9 | +405.1 | 10.1 | 57.7 | +471.3 | 5.1f | 33.8f | +562.7 |
| Rhode Island | 6.6 | 37.5 | +468.2 | 9.1 | 45.4 | +398.9 | e | 34.7 | – |
| South Carolina | 7.4 | 33.1 | +347.3 | 10.1 | 41.8 | +313.9 | e | 30.2 | – |
| South Dakota | 5.2 | 52.5 | +909.6 | 7.7 | 70.6 | +816.9 | e | 43.3f | – |
| Tennessee | 4.6 | 35.8 | +678.3 | 5.7 | 55.8 | +878.9 | 2.7 | 29.1f | +977.8 |
| Texas | 10.6 | 51.7 | +387.7 | 13.2 | 68.4 | +418.2 | 7.0f | 45.9f | +555.7 |
| Utah | 20.9 | 68.4 | +227.3 | 26.7 | 82.2 | +207.9 | e | 62.6 | – |
| Vermont | 8.3 | 56.1 | +575.9 | 7.8 | 68.4 | +776.9 | 8.8 | 50.9 | +478.4 |
| Virginia | 7.4 | 46.1 | +523.0 | 9.6 | 45.9 | +378.1 | 4.4 | 46.2 | +950.0 |
| Washington | 16.9 | 70.2 | +315.4 | 22.7 | 79.4 | +249.8 | 11.1f | 67.4 | +507.2 |
| West Virginia | 4.0 | 27.2 | +580.0 | 5.5 | 36.5 | +563.6 | e | 23.5 | – |
| Wisconsin | 5.9 | 49.4 | +737.3 | 7.9 | 67.9 | +759.5 | 3.0 | 43.6f | +1,353.3 |
| Wyoming | 6.2 | 41.1 | +562.9 | 9.9 | 63.2 | +538.4 | e | 33.6f | – |
| United States | 9.6 | 46.1 | +380.2 | 9.7 | 61.0 | +528.9 | 6.3f | 40.9f | +549.2 |
Abbreviations: CI= confidence interval; D.C.= District of Columbia.
Households were considered to have ≥ 1 child if at least one occupant aged <18 lived in the household.
Households were considered to have a smoke-free rule if all adult respondents aged ≥ 18 in the household reported that no one was allowed to smoke anywhere inside the home at any time. Households were considered to have ≥ 1 adult smokers if at least one adult occupant aged ≥ 18 reported that they had smoked ≥ 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and smoked “everyday” or “some days” at the time of the survey.
With the exception of estimates not presented, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between 1992/1993 and 2010/2011 for all states and overall US.
Relative percent change between 1992/1993 and 2010/2011.
Estimate not presented because relative standard error ≥ 40%.
Statistically different (p < .05) from “Households with Children <18” for the same survey wave (1992/1993 or 2010/2011).