Table 1.
Distribution of sample characteristics across cohort-specific fruit and vegetable intake quartiles.
| Cohort-specific fruit and vegetable intake quartiles |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |
| F&V intake | ||||
| Median fruit intake (IQR), g/day | 75.2 (36.4–127.1) | 170.2 (95.7–246.0) | 268.8 (158.0–369.8) | 482.3 (306.6–686.7) |
| Median vegetable intake (IQR), g/day | 119.4 (80.3–161.8) | 189.4 (138.1–234.1) | 247.0 (183.1–318.0) | 371.3 (262.6–495.4) |
| Median fruit and vegetable intake (IQR), g/day | 214.1 (165.2–251.3) | 352.1 (318.7–412.6) | 514.7 (449.1–591.1) | 831.4 (698.5–1067.4) |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
| Mean age (SD), years | 57.1 (7.1) | 57.0 (7.1) | 57.1 (7.0) | 56.7 (6.8) |
| Sex, female, % | 42.7 | 51.2 | 58.5 | 65.8 |
| Marital status,a married, % | 72.2 | 76.6 | 76.2 | 76.5 |
| Education,a primary or less, % | 11.2 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 8.6 |
| Education,a university, % | 23.3 | 25.0 | 25.3 | 29.3 |
| Household amenities score,a low, % | 27.4 | 21.5 | 19.5 | 16.7 |
| Household amenities score,a high, % | 28.4 | 32.5 | 34.8 | 38.7 |
| Lifestyle characteristics | ||||
| Mean energy intake (SD), MJ/day | 8.4 (2.6) | 9.2 (2.8) | 9.8 (2.9) | 11.2 (3.3) |
| Mean HDI score (without F&V component) (SD) | 45.3 (8.8) | 45.6 (8.4) | 46.4 (8.6) | 46.2 (8.4) |
| Median alcohol intake (IQR), g/day | 1.9 (0.2–11.0) | 1.7 (0.2–8.5) | 1.2 (0.2–6.7) | 1.0 (0.1–5.7) |
| Alcohol, moderate to heavy drinkers, % | 12.0 | 9.7 | 7.6 | 7.0 |
| Smoking,a current smokers, % | 38.6 | 30.5 | 27.7 | 25.9 |
| Physical activity,a low, % | 50.1 | 49.0 | 48.3 | 47.6 |
| Vitamin supplement intake, regular, % | 13.3 | 15.4 | 19.9 | 22.9 |
| Possible mediators | ||||
| Mean BMI,a (SD), kg/m2 | 27.3 (4.7) | 27.7 (4.7) | 28.0 (4.7) | 28.1 (4.8) |
| BMIa >30 kg/m2, % | 24.6 | 27.7 | 29.0 | 30.7 |
| Mean MAP,a (SD), mm Hg | 105.5 (15.4) | 105.2 (15.2) | 104.7 (15.2) | 103.8 (14.9) |
| Hypertension,a,b % | 46.9 | 47.7 | 47.1 | 44.8 |
| Mean serum cholesterol level,a (SD), mmol/l | 6.0 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.2) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia,a,c % | 75.4 | 76.6 | 77.1 | 77.5 |
BMI: body mass index; F&V: fruit and vegetable; HDI: healthy diet indicator; IQR: interquartile range; MAP: mean arterial blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.
a
Including imputed data; bMAP > 110 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication; cserum cholesterol level > 5.2 mmol/l or on lipid lowering medication.