Table 4.

Results of Cox regression analysis before and after adjustment for mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) on a subsample of participants who took no antihypertensive medications (n = 13,966).

			Cohort-specific fruit and vegetable intake quartiles								Per 100 g/day increasea
			Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4
Cause of death	Deaths/n	Model	HR		HR	(95% CI)	HR	(95% CI)	HR	(95% CI)	HR	(95% CI)
All-cause	939/13, 966	Model 1	1.00	ref.	0.92	(0.77–1.09)	0.94	(0.78–1.13)	0.88	(0.71–1.08)	0.95	(0.91–1.00)
		Model 2	1.00	ref.	0.92	(0.77–1.09)	0.96	(0.80–1.15)	0.90	(0.73–1.11)	0.96	(0.91–1.01)
	Percentage changeb (%)				0		33.3		16.7		20.0
CVD	305/13, 915	Model 1	1.00	ref.	0.79	(0.58–1.07)	0.76	(0.55–1.06)	0.81	(0.56–1.17)	0.94	(0.87–1.03)
		Model 2	1.00	ref.	0.81	(0.60–1.10)	0.80	(0.58–1.12)	0.88	(0.61–1.28)	0.96	(0.88–1.05)
	Percentage changeb (%)				9.5		16.7		36.8		33.3
CHD	175/13, 915	Model 1	1.00	ref.	0.71	(0.47–1.07)	0.76	(0.49–1.18)	0.99	(0.62–1.57)	0.98	(0.87–1.10)
		Model 2	1.00	ref.	0.73	(0.49–1.11)	0.80	(0.51–1.24)	1.07	(0.67–1.71)	1.00	(0.89–1.12)
	Percentage changeb (%)				6.9		16.7		na		100.0
Stroke	65/13 915	Model 1	1.00	ref.	0.81	(0.43–1.53)	0.66	(0.32–1.34)	0.53	(0.23–1.22)	0.86	(0.71–1.05)
		Model 2	1.00	ref.	0.85	(0.45–1.60)	0.72	(0.35–1.48)	0.62	(0.26–1.44)	0.89	(0.73–1.08)
	Percentage changeb (%)				21.1		17.6		19.1		21.4

CI: confidence interval; CHD: coronary heart disease; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HDI: healthy diet indicator; HR: hazard ratio; na: not applicable; PP: preventable proportion.

Model 1: adjusted for sex, age, cohort, alcohol intake, smoking, education, household amenities score, marital status, energy intake, physical activity, vitamin supplement Intake, HDI (without F&V component).

Model 2: adjusted for all covariates in model 1 + MAP.

^aPer one unit increase across six intake categories (<100 g/d, 100–200 g/d, 200–300 g/d, 300–400 g/d, 400–500 g/d, >500 g/d)

^b% change = (HR2–HR1)/(1–HR1)*100.