Table 3.
Log of weekly earnings for native blacks, subgroups of black immigrants, and native whites, U.S. men aged 25–64
| Caribbean |
Latin America |
Africa |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English- Speaking Countries |
Haiti | Entire Sample | Entire Sample |
English- Speaking Countries |
Non- English- Speaking Countries |
|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Race (ref. = native blacks) | ||||||
| Native whites | 0.212*** | 0.211*** | 0.211*** | 0.212*** | 0.211*** | 0.211*** |
| (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| Immigrants by Year of Arrival (ref. = native blacks) | ||||||
| Prior to 1970 | −0.187*** | −0.294*** | −0.188*** | −0.341*** | −0.376*** | −0.312*** |
| (0.022) | (0.036) | (0.045) | (0.040) | (0.045) | (0.086) | |
| 1970–1974 | −0.168*** | −0.300*** | −0.168*** | −0.475*** | −0.552*** | −0.237*** |
| (0.022) | (0.034) | (0.049) | (0.031) | (0.037) | (0.055) | |
| 1975–1979 | −0.163*** | −0.340*** | −0.260*** | −0.428*** | −0.495*** | −0.207*** |
| (−0.018) | (0.032) | (0.046) | (0.026) | (0.028) | (0.063) | |
| 1980–1984 | −0.146*** | −0.290*** | −0.314*** | −0.405*** | −0.459*** | −0.274*** |
| (0.021) | (0.030) | (0.047) | (0.025) | (0.029) | (0.047) | |
| 1985–1989 | −0.158*** | −0.296*** | −0 199*** | −0.328*** | −0.355*** | −0.265*** |
| (0.017) | (0.024) | (0.033) | (0.022) | (0.028) | (0.037) | |
| 1990–1994 | −0.182*** | −0.257*** | −0.207*** | −0.251*** | −0.250*** | −0.229*** |
| (0.024) | (0.033) | (0.050) | (0.027) | (0.032) | (0.046) | |
| 1995–1999 | −0.158*** | −0.208*** | −0.143*** | −0.245*** | −0.237*** | −0.254*** |
| (0.021) | (0.030) | (0.039) | (0.018) | (0.022) | (0.033) | |
| 2000–2007 | −0.186*** | −0.313*** | −0.189*** | −0.312*** | −0.298*** | −0.341*** |
| (0.029) | (0.031) | (0.043) | (0.019) | (0.023) | (0.033) | |
| Years Since Arrival (ref. = immigrants with 0–5 years in the U.S.) | ||||||
| 6–10 | 0.115*** | 0.063* | 0.065 | 0.138*** | 0.167*** | 0.067† |
| (0.020) | (0.028) | (0.041) | (0.021) | (0.025) | (0.038) | |
| 11–15 | 0.185*** | 0.122*** | 0.147*** | 0.241*** | 0.318*** | 0.054 |
| (0.018) | (0.029) | (0.040) | (0.024) | (0.028) | (0.043) | |
| 16–20 | 0.189*** | 0.132*** | 0.146*** | 0.318*** | 0.374*** | 0.184*** |
| (0.020) | (0.030) | (0.043) | (0.026) | (0.031) | (0.050) | |
| More than 20 | 0.211*** | 0.191*** | 0.161*** | 0.326*** | 0.380*** | 0.197*** |
| (0.020) | (0.030) | (0.045) | (0.027) | (0.031) | (0.051) | |
| Survey Year (ref. = 1980) | ||||||
| 2007 | 0.922*** | 0.922*** | 0.922*** | 0.922*** | 0.921*** | 0.922*** |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
| 2006 | 0.876*** | 0.874*** | 0.875*** | 0.874*** | 0.874*** | 0.874*** |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
| 2005 | 0.848*** | 0.848*** | 0.847*** | 0.846*** | 0.847*** | 0.847*** |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
| 2000 | 0 777*** | 0.777*** | 0.777*** | 0.777*** | 0 777*** | 0.776*** |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| 1990 | 0.469*** | 0.468*** | 0.467*** | 0.467*** | 0.467*** | 0.467*** |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Constant | 3.493*** | 3.489*** | 3.489*** | 3.489*** | 3.488*** | 3.485*** |
| (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
| Observations | 754,100 | 743,184 | 739,041 | 747,212 | 743,689 | 737,929 |
| R 2 | .331 | .331 | .331 | .331 | .332 | .331 |
Notes: Numbers in parentheses are robust standard errors. All models control for education, experience, experience squared, whether an individual speaks or reads poor English, marital status, whether a respondent resides in a metropolitan area, and current region of residence.
Sources: The sample consists of men between the ages of 25–64 taken from the 5 % Integrated Public Use Micro Series (IPUMS) samples of the 1980, 1990, and 2000 United States Censuses and the IPUMS samples of the 2005–2007 waves of the American Community Survey.
†
p < .10;
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001