Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 21 485 D:A:D Study Participants Without HCV or HBV Coinfection
| Total of participants, no. (%) | 21 485 (100) | |
| Sex, no (%) | Male | 15 661 (72.9) |
| Age, years | Median (IQR) | 40 (33, 49) |
| Ethnicity, no. (%) | White | 11 159 (51.9) |
| Black | 2110 (9.8) | |
| Other | 580 (2.7) | |
| Unknown | 7636 (35.5) | |
| Mode of HIV acquisition, no. (%) | Heterosexual | 8916 (41.5) |
| Homosexual | 10 990 (51.2) | |
| Injection drug use | 243 (1.1) | |
| Other/unknown | 1336 (6.2) | |
| Duration of D:A:D cohort follow-up | Median (IQR) | 6.6 (2.1, 10.8) |
| Previous clinical AIDS | No. (%) | 5090 (23.7) |
| CD4 cells/µL | Median (IQR) | 470 (318, 656) |
| Ever received antiretroviral therapy | No. (%) | 16 578 (77.2) |
| Cumulative ART exposure (years) | Median (IQR) | 3.9 (1.8, 7.0) |
| Ever received NRTIs | No. (%) | 16 360 (76.2) |
| Cumulative ART exposure (years) | Median (IQR) | 3.7 (1.7, 6.7) |
| Ever received PIs | No. (%) | 11 922 (55.9) |
| Cumulative ART exposure (years) | Median (IQR) | 2.5 (1.1, 4.2) |
| Ever received NNRTIs | No. (%) | 10 094 (47.0) |
| Cumulative ART exposure (years) | Median (IQR) | 1.9 (0.7, 4.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, no. (%) | <18 | 545 (2.5) |
| ≥18, ≤26 | 14 232 (66.2) | |
| >26, ≤30 | 3129 (14.6) | |
| >30 | 1154 (5.4) | |
| Unknown | 2425 (11.3) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | No. (%) | 704 (3.3) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | Median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.2–5.8) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | Median (IQR) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | Median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) |
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs | No. (%) | 1855 (8.6) |
| Lipodystrophy | No. (%) | 4260 (19.8) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | Current | 7144 (33.3) |
| Former | 4735 (22.0) | |
| Never | 7459 (34.7) | |
| Unknown | 2147 (10.0) | |
| FIB-4 score | ≤1.45 | 10 352 (48.2) |
| >1.45, ≤3.25 | 1858 (8.7) | |
| >3.25 | 647 (3.0) | |
| Unknown | 8628 (40.2) | |
| APRI score | ≤0.5 | 11 385 (53.0) |
| >0.5, ≤1.5 | 949 (4.4) | |
| >1.5 | 523 (2.4) |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; D:A:D, Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs; FIB, fibrosis; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.