Figure 1. SSa attenuates IAV replication in A549 cells.

A. Chemical structure of SSa. A549 cells were infected with B. A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1 PR8), C. A/Chicken/Guangdong/v/2008 (H9N2), or D. A/Duck/Guangdong/99 (H5N1) IAV strains at 100 TCID₅₀ for 2 h and then incubated with 3.8 or 7.6 μM SSa or 7 mM acetylsalicylic acid respectively. Cells and supernatants were harvested at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-infection and total IAV yield calculated by TCID₅₀ titration using MDCK cells. Data represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001.