Table 3.
WASH practices in the household (n=600)
| WASH practices | Male | Female | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
| Total | 416 | (100) | 184 | (100) | 600 | (100) | ||
| Main drinking water source a | ||||||||
| Protected water source | 199 | (47.8) | 51 | (27.7) | 250 | (41.7) | ||
| Unprotected water source | 217 | (52.2) | 133 | (72.3) | 350 | (58.3) | ||
| Water treatment b | ||||||||
| Yes | 362 | (87.0) | 142 | (77.2) | 504 | (84.0) | ||
| No | 54 | (13.0) | 42 | (22.8) | 96 | (16.0) | ||
| Method of water treatment c | ||||||||
| Boiling | 356 | (85.6) | 172 | (93.5) | 528 | (88.0) | ||
| Add chlorine | 36 | (8.7) | 8 | (4.3) | 44 | (7.3) | ||
| Other methods | 24 | (5.8) | 4 | (2.2) | 28 | (4.7) | ||
| Type of toilet | ||||||||
| Sanitary toilet d | 70 | (16.2) | 23 | (12.5) | 93 | (15.5) | ||
| Unsanitary toilet | 346 | (83.2) | 161 | (87.5) | 507 | (84.5) | ||
| Hand washing facility near to the toilet | ||||||||
| Yes | 169 | (40.6) | 84 | (45.7) | 253 | (42.2) | ||
| No | 247 | (59.4) | 100 | (54.3) | 347 | (57.8) | ||
| Disposal of household refuse | ||||||||
| Sanitary disposal | 66 | (15.9) | 29 | (15.8) | 95 | (15.8) | ||
| Unsanitary disposal | 350 | (84.1) | 155 | (84.2) | 505 | (84.2) | ||
| Used soap in last 24 hours a | ||||||||
| Yes | 252 | (60.6) | 149 | (81.0) | 401 | (66.8) | ||
| No | 164 | (39.4) | 35 | (19.0) | 199 | (33.2) | ||
| Use soap before food preparation | ||||||||
| Yes | 303 | (72.8) | 137 | (74.5) | 440 | (73.3) | ||
| No | 113 | (27.2) | 47 | (25.5) | 160 | (26.7) | ||
| Use soap before eating a | ||||||||
| Yes | 179 | (43.0) | 50 | (27.2) | 229 | (38.2) | ||
| No | 237 | (57.0) | 134 | (72.8) | 371 | (61.8) | ||
| Use soap before feeding the child a | ||||||||
| Yes | 179 | (43.0) | 47 | (25.5) | 226 | (37.7) | ||
| No | 237 | (57.0) | 134 | (74.5) | 374 | (62.3) | ||
| Use soap after defecation | ||||||||
| Yes | 274 | (65.9) | 126 | (68.5) | 400 | (66.7) | ||
| No | 142 | (34.1) | 58 | (31.5) | 200 | (33.3) | ||
| Use soap after cleaning child defecation c | ||||||||
| Yes | 218 | (52.4) | 77 | (41.8) | 295 | (49.2) | ||
| No | 198 | (47.6) | 107 | (58.2) | 305 | (50.8) | ||
| Iodine in the kitchen salt e | ||||||||
| No iodine | 122 | (29.3) | 34 | (18.5) | 156 | (26.0) | ||
| Improper amount | 190 | (45.7) | 115 | (62.5) | 305 | (50.8) | ||
| Proper amount | 104 | (25.0) | 35 | (19.0) | 139 | (23.2) | ||
a p<0.001, b p=0.004, c p=0.021, e p=0.001 using Fisher’s exact test. d Sanitary toilets are those that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact. Types of sanitary toilets include flush or pour-flush toilets to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, and composting toilet.