Table 5.
Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of acute malnutrition among under-five children for WASH practices in the household
| Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | p-value | OR | (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Main drinking water source | |||||||
| Protected water source | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| Unprotected water source | 2.15 | (1.51–3.07) | <0.001 | 1.89 | (1.26–2.83) | 0.002 | |
| Use soap before feeding the child | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| No | 1.73 | (1.21–2.48) | 0.003 | 1.12 | (0.70–1.78) | 0.639 | |
| Use soap after cleaning child after defecation | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| No | 1.67 | (1.19–2.34) | 0.003 | 1.20 | (0.81–1.78) | 0.364 | |
| Use soap after using the toilet | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| No | 1.34 | (0.943–1.907) | 0.103 | 1.11 | (0.76–1.63) | 0.592 | |
| Use soap before food preparation | |||||||
| Yes | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| No | 1.25 | (0.86–1.82) | 0.246 | 1.05 | (0.70–1.57) | 0.806 | |
| Disposal of household refuse | |||||||
| Sanitary disposal | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| Unsanitary disposal | 2.11 | (1.26–3.54) | 0.005 | 1.49 | (0.81–2.75) | 0.197 | |
| Type of toilet | |||||||
| Sanitary | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| Unsanitary | 2.35 | (1.38–4.02) | 0.002 | 1.50 | (0.79–2.84) | 0.219 | |
| Iodine in the kitchen salt | |||||||
| No iodine | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |||
| Improper amount | 0.56 | (0.38–0.56) | 0.004 | 0.68 | (0.39–1.16) | 0.154 | |
| Proper amount | 0.45 | (0.28–0.74) | 0.001 | 0.59 | (0.39–0.88) | 0.010 | |
a Adjusted for main drinking water source, use of soap before feeding the child, use of soap after cleaning child who had defecated, disposal of refuse, type of toilet, and kitchen salt iodine in the household.