Table 1.
Characteristics of adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients 15 to 39 years of age at diagnosis (N=9,353) by race/ethnicity, California, 1988–2011.
| Characteristics | Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | Non-Hispanic White |
Black | Hispanic | Asian/ Pacific Islander |
p- value |
||||||
| n=9,353 | % | n=5,919 | % | n=643 | % | n=2,200 | % | n=591 | % | ||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 4,786 | 51.2 | 3,029 | 51.2 | 316 | 49.1 | 1,140 | 51.8 | 301 | 50.9 | |
| Female | 4,567 | 48.8 | 2,890 | 48.8 | 327 | 50.9 | 1,060 | 48.2 | 290 | 49.1 | 0.70 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | |||||||||||
| 15–19 | 1,478 | 15.8 | 820 | 13.9 | 91 | 14.2 | 459 | 20.9 | 108 | 18.3 | |
| 20–24 | 2,224 | 23.8 | 1,374 | 23.2 | 139 | 21.6 | 541 | 24.6 | 170 | 28.8 | |
| 25–29 | 2,201 | 23.5 | 1,421 | 24.0 | 154 | 24.0 | 500 | 22.7 | 126 | 21.3 | |
| 30–34 | 1,937 | 20.7 | 1,279 | 21.6 | 140 | 21.8 | 413 | 18.8 | 105 | 17.8 | |
| 30–39 | 1,513 | 16.2 | 1,025 | 17.3 | 119 | 18.5 | 287 | 13.0 | 82 | 13.9 | <0.001 |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||||||||
| 1988–1992 | 2,052 | 21.9 | 1,528 | 25.8 | 135 | 21.0 | 317 | 14.4 | 72 | 12.2 | |
| 1993–1997 | 1,865 | 19.9 | 1,297 | 21.9 | 125 | 19.4 | 369 | 16.8 | 74 | 12.5 | |
| 1998–2002 | 1,800 | 19.2 | 1,138 | 19.2 | 100 | 15.6 | 443 | 20.1 | 119 | 20.1 | |
| 2003–2006 | 1,559 | 16.7 | 878 | 14.8 | 121 | 18.8 | 429 | 19.5 | 131 | 22.2 | |
| 2007–2011 | 2,077 | 22.2 | 1,078 | 18.2 | 162 | 25.2 | 642 | 29.2 | 195 | 33.0 | <0.001 |
| Marital status at diagnosis | |||||||||||
| Married | 3,265 | 34.9 | 2,147 | 36.3 | 161 | 25.0 | 753 | 34.2 | 204 | 34.5 | |
| Not married | 5,823 | 62.3 | 3,622 | 61.2 | 458 | 71.2 | 1,372 | 62.4 | 371 | 62.8 | |
| Unknown | 265 | 2.8 | 150 | 2.5 | 24 | 3.7 | 75 | 3.4 | 16 | 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Stage at diagnosis | |||||||||||
| I – localized | 1,200 | 12.8 | 774 | 13.1 | 87 | 13.5 | 263 | 12.0 | 76 | 12.9 | |
| II – regional | 4,507 | 48.2 | 2,960 | 50.0 | 264 | 41.1 | 986 | 44.8 | 297 | 50.3 | |
| III/IV – advanced | 3,128 | 33.4 | 1,852 | 31.3 | 258 | 40.1 | 817 | 37.1 | 201 | 34.0 | |
| Missing | 518 | 5.5 | 333 | 5.6 | 34 | 5.3 | 134 | 6.1 | 17 | 2.9 | <0.001 |
| B-symptoms | |||||||||||
| No | 3,530 | 37.7 | 2,252 | 38.0 | 221 | 34.4 | 800 | 36.4 | 257 | 43.5 | |
| Yes | 3,343 | 35.7 | 1,947 | 32.9 | 254 | 39.5 | 923 | 42.0 | 219 | 37.1 | |
| Missing/Unknown | 2,480 | 26.5 | 1,720 | 29.1 | 168 | 26.1 | 477 | 21.7 | 115 | 19.5 | <0.001 |
| Histologic subtype | |||||||||||
| Nodular sclerosis | 7,088 | 75.8 | 4,630 | 78.2 | 460 | 71.5 | 1,548 | 70.4 | 450 | 76.1 | |
| Mixed cellularity | 939 | 10.0 | 528 | 8.9 | 78 | 12.1 | 286 | 13.0 | 47 | 8.0 | |
| Lymphocyte depletion | 96 | 1.0 | 53 | 0.9 | 5 | 0.8 | 32 | 1.5 | 6 | 1.0 | |
| Lymphocyte rich | 212 | 2.3 | 114 | 1.9 | 26 | 4.0 | 59 | 2.7 | 13 | 2.2 | |
| Not otherwise specified | 1,018 | 10.9 | 594 | 10.0 | 74 | 11.5 | 275 | 12.5 | 75 | 12.7 | <0.001 |
| Combined-modality therapy | |||||||||||
| Chemotherapy and radiation | 3,421 | 36.6 | 2,267 | 38.3 | 171 | 26.6 | 718 | 32.6 | 265 | 44.8 | |
| Chemotherapy only | 4,019 | 43.0 | 2,341 | 39.6 | 348 | 54.1 | 1,082 | 49.2 | 248 | 42.0 | |
| Radiation only | 993 | 10.6 | 748 | 12.6 | 52 | 8.1 | 147 | 6.7 | 46 | 7.8 | |
| None/unknown | 920 | 9.8 | 563 | 9.5 | 72 | 11.2 | 253 | 11.5 | 32 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Subsequent cancer | |||||||||||
| No | 8,802 | 94.1 | 5,542 | 93.6 | 599 | 93.2 | 2,105 | 95.7 | 556 | 94.1 | |
| Yes* | 551 | 5.9 | 92 | 6.4 | 14 | 6.8 | 11 | 4.3 | 4 | 5.9 | |
| Breast | 121 | 22.0 | |||||||||
| Lymphoma | 62 | 11.3 | |||||||||
| Thyroid | 48 | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Melanoma | 39 | 7.1 | |||||||||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 34 | 6.2 | |||||||||
| Head and neck | 28 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Lung | 26 | 4.7 | |||||||||
| Uterus | 24 | 4.4 | |||||||||
| Colorectal | 22 | 4.0 | |||||||||
| Other Leukemia | 22 | 4.0 | |||||||||
| Soft tissue | 17 | 3.1 | |||||||||
| Kidney | 13 | 2.4 | |||||||||
| Vulva | 11 | 1.0 | |||||||||
| Pancreas | 8 | 1.5 | |||||||||
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia | 7 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Anus | 6 | 1.1 | |||||||||
| Prostate | 6 | 1.1 | |||||||||
| Esophagus | 5 | 0.9 | |||||||||
| Testis | 5 | 0.9 | |||||||||
| Other | 47 | 8.5 | |||||||||
| Received care at an NCI-designated cancer center | |||||||||||
| No/Missing | 8,312 | 88.9 | 5,245 | 88.6 | 605 | 94.1 | 1,956 | 88.9 | 506 | 85.6 | |
| Yes | 1,041 | 11.1 | 674 | 11.4 | 38 | 5.9 | 244 | 11.1 | 85 | 14.4 | <0.001 |
| Neighborhood socioeconomic status (quintiles) | |||||||||||
| 1 (Lowest) | 1,310 | 14.0 | 431 | 7.3 | 177 | 27.5 | 660 | 30.0 | 42 | 7.1 | |
| 2 | 1,805 | 19.3 | 961 | 16.2 | 157 | 24.4 | 605 | 27.5 | 82 | 13.9 | |
| 3 | 2,036 | 21.8 | 1,349 | 22.8 | 141 | 21.9 | 420 | 19.1 | 126 | 21.3 | |
| 4 | 2,161 | 23.1 | 1,570 | 26.5 | 115 | 17.9 | 317 | 14.4 | 159 | 26.9 | |
| 5 (Highest) | 2,041 | 21.8 | 1,608 | 27.2 | 53 | 8.2 | 198 | 9.0 | 182 | 30.8 | <0.001 |
| Urbanization level | |||||||||||
| Metropolitan | 6,130 | 65.5 | 3,662 | 61.9 | 497 | 77.3 | 1,493 | 67.9 | 478 | 80.9 | |
| Non-metropolitan | 3,072 | 32.8 | 2,173 | 36.7 | 133 | 20.7 | 662 | 30.1 | 104 | 17.6 | |
| Unknown | 151 | 1.6 | 84 | 1.4 | 13 | 2.0 | 45 | 2.0 | 9 | 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Health insurance status, limited to patients diagnosed from 2001 to 2011 (n=4,406) | |||||||||||
| Private/military insurance | 3,113 | 70.7 | 1,908 | 78.2 | 199 | 61.6 | 697 | 55.5 | 309 | 79.4 | |
| Public insurance | 881 | 20.0 | 335 | 13.7 | 97 | 30.0 | 391 | 31.2 | 58 | 14.9 | |
| No insurance | 200 | 4.5 | 75 | 3.1 | 16 | 5.0 | 103 | 8.2 | 6 | 1.5 | |
| Unknown | 212 | 4.8 | 121 | 5.0 | 11 | 3.4 | 64 | 5.1 | 16 | 4.1 | <0.001 |
| Vital status | |||||||||||
| Alive | 8,108 | 86.7 | 5,148 | 87.0 | 518 | 80.6 | 1,910 | 86.8 | 532 | 90.0 | |
| Death from HL | 678 | 7.2 | 388 | 6.6 | 72 | 11.2 | 183 | 8.3 | 35 | 5.9 | |
| Death from non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 113 | 1.2 | 64 | 1.1 | 14 | 2.2 | 29 | 1.3 | 6 | 1.0 | |
| Death from other cancer | 108 | 1.2 | 80 | 1.4 | 11 | 1.7 | 12 | 0.5 | 5 | 0.8 | |
| Death from heart/cerebrovascular | 102 | 1.1 | 75 | 1.3 | 5 | 0.8 | 17 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.8 | |
| Death from other cause | 188 | 2.0 | 127 | 2.1 | 18 | 2.8 | 35 | 1.6 | 8 | 1.4 | |
| Death from unknown cause | 56 | 0.6 | 37 | 0.6 | 5 | 0.8 | 14 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | <0.001 |
*
Data on type of subsequent cancer are presented for all patients only in order to protect confidentiality, as many cancer types included <5 adolescent and young adults when presented by race/ethnicity.