. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Dec 16;25(2):318–326. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0488

Table 3.

Mean baseline plasma levels of gut permeability biomarkers by sex-specific tertiles of systemic inflammation biomarkers^a

		Flagellin IgA^c			Flagellin IgG^c			LPS IgA^c			LPS IgG^c			Permeability score^c,d
Categories^b	N	Mean	SE	P _trend	Mean	SE	P _trend	Mean	SE	P _trend	Mean	SE	P _trend	Mean	SE	P _trend
Men and women combined
CRP
tertile 1	62	1.62	0.06		1.72	0.05		1.36	0.07		0.81	0.05		5.51	0.17
tertile 2	64	1.52	0.06		1.63	0.05		1.27	0.06		0.85	0.05		5.27	0.17
tertile 3	63	1.73	0.06	0.18	1.71	0.05	0.92	1.48	0.06	0.18	0.88	0.05	0.36	5.80	0.17	0.22
Z-score^e
tertile 1	61	1.67	0.06		1.63	0.05		1.38	0.07		0.80	0.05		5.48	0.18
tertile 2	64	1.57	0.06		1.68	0.05		1.30	0.06		0.84	0.05		5.38	0.17
tertile 3	64	1.63	0.06	0.69	1.74	0.05	0.14	1.43	0.06	0.60	0.90	0.05	0.15	5.71	0.17	0.36
Men
CRP
tertile 1	39	1.76	0.07		1.86	0.07		1.49	0.08		0.88	0.06		5.99	0.21
tertile 2	40	1.64	0.07		1.60	0.07		1.36	0.08		0.82	0.06		5.43	0.21
tertile 3	40	1.75	0.07	0.95	1.73	0.07	0.18	1.53	0.08	0.70	0.80	0.06	0.34	5.80	0.21	0.55
Z-score^e
tertile 1	39	1.73	0.07		1.65	0.07		1.40	0.08		0.78	0.06		5.56	0.21
tertile 2	40	1.63	0.07		1.76	0.07		1.34	0.08		0.82	0.06		5.55	0.21
tertile 3	40	1.79	0.07	0.55	1.77	0.07	0.26	1.64	0.08	0.04	0.91	0.06	0.13	6.10	0.21	0.07
Women
CRP
tertile 1	23	1.43	0.11		1.50	0.08		1.20	0.11		0.68	0.07		4.81	0.29
tertile 2	24	1.37	0.11		1.71	0.07		1.18	0.10		0.88	0.07		5.13	0.28
tertile 3	23	1.78	0.11	0.03	1.72	0.08	0.06	1.47	0.11	0.08	1.01	0.07	< 0.01	5.98	0.29	< 0.01
Z-score^e
tertile 1	22	1.63	0.12		1.64	0.08		1.43	0.11		0.84	0.08		5.54	0.31
tertile 2	24	1.52	0.11		1.58	0.07		1.29	0.10		0.86	0.07		5.25	0.29
tertile 3	24	1.43	0.11	0.23	1.72	0.08	0.44	1.13	0.11	0.07	0.87	0.08	0.81	5.15	0.30	0.39

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; Ig, immunoglobulin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SE, standard error

All means, standard errors, and p values were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Models for all variables but sex were adjusted for sex (men/women). Models for all variables but body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and waist circumference were also adjusted for BMI (continuous).

Tertiles are sex-specific.

The unit for any permeability biomarker alone or in combination is optical density (OD).

Defined as the sum of the optical densities of all permeability biomarkers.

Summary z-score of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-12p40, VEGF, and IL-10) calculated as the summation of the z-value for each cytokine [z = (x - μ)/δ, where x is the natural log-transformed values for each individual marker, and μ and δ are the sex-specific mean and standard deviation of the natural log-transformed biomarker value, respectively, at baseline]. The z-value for IL-10 was included with a negative sign.