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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Dec 16;25(2):318–326. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0488

Table 4.

Effects of calcium supplementation on plasma concentrations of gut barrier function biomarkersa

Baseline
 4-month
follow-up
 Absolute treatment effectb
 Relative
Effectc
n Mean SE n Mean SE Mean SE p value
Flagellin IgA
 Placebo 64 1.60 0.06 59 1.58 0.06
 Calcium 1 g 62 1.71 0.06 58 1.72 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.40 1.02
 Calcium 2 g 63 1.64 0.06 57 1.67 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.19 1.03
Flagellin IgG
 Placebo 64 1.69 0.05 59 1.69 0.05
 Calcium 1 g 62 1.79 0.05 58 1.80 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.88 1.01
 Calcium 2 g 63 1.62 0.05 57 1.64 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.61 1.01
LPS IgA
 Placebo 64 1.37 0.06 59 1.34 0.07
 Calcium 1 g 62 1.40 0.07 58 1.43 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.09 1.04
 Calcium 2 g 63 1.44 0.07 57 1.44 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.26 1.02
LPS IgG
 Placebo 64 0.83 0.05 59 0.87 0.05
 Calcium 1 g 62 0.83 0.05 58 0.84 0.05 −0.02 0.04 0.54 0.97
 Calcium 2 g 63 0.87 0.05 57 0.87 0.05 −0.03 0.04 0.43 0.95
(Flagellin + LPS) IgA
 Placebo 64 2.97 0.12 59 2.92 0.12
 Calcium 1 g 62 3.11 0.12 58 3.15 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.17 1.03
 Calcium 2 g 63 3.08 0.12 57 3.11 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.18 1.03
(Flagellin + LPS) IgG
 Placebo 64 2.52 0.08 59 2.56 0.08
 Calcium 1 g 62 2.62 0.08 58 2.64 0.08 −0.02 0.06 0.72 0.99
 Calcium 2 g 63 2.49 0.08 57 2.51 0.08 −0.01 0.06 0.81 0.99
Flagellin (IgA + IgG)
 Placebo 64 3.29 0.10 59 3.27 0.10
 Calcium 1 g 62 3.50 0.10 58 3.52 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.54 1.01
 Calcium 2 g 63 3.26 0.10 57 3.31 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.28 1.02
LPS (IgA + IgG)
 Placebo 64 2.20 0.09 59 2.21 0.10
 Calcium 1 g 62 2.23 0.10 58 2.27 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.58 1.01
 Calcium 2 g 63 2.30 0.10 57 2.31 0.10 0.01 0.06 0.91 1.00
Permeability scored
 Placebo 64 5.49 0.17 59 5.48 0.17
 Calcium 1 g 62 5.74 0.17 58 5.79 0.17 0.07 0.10 0.51 1.01
 Calcium 2 g 63 5.56 0.17 57 5.62 0.18 0.07 0.10 0.49 1.01

Abbreviations: Ig, immunoglobulin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; SE, standard error

a

The unit for any permeability biomarker alone or in combination is optical density (OD).

b

Absolute treatment effect = ([treatment group follow-up - treatment group baseline] - [placebo group follow-up - placebo group baseline]); actual calculations of mean, SE and p value from the linear mixed model. Covariates included random intercept, follow-up visit, treatment group, and treatment group by follow-up visit interaction.

c

Relative effect = [(treatment group follow-up/treatment group baseline) / (placebo follow-up/placebo baseline)].

d

Defined as the sum of the optical densities of all permeability biomarkers.