Table 4. Relationships of individual-, network-, and census tract-level characteristics to turnover into drug/alcohol networks among a sample of 172 African-American adults relocated from seven public housing complexes.
| Coefficient (p-value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Stage 114 | Stage 215 | Stage 3a16 | Stage 3b17 |
| Intercept | -- | -5.98 (<0.01) | -5.57 (<0.01) | |
| Time | ||||
| Time since relocation | 0.11 (<0.01) | -- | 0.13 (<0.01) | 0.12 (<0.01) |
| Time since wave 3 | -0.21 (<0.01) | -- | -0.24 (<0.01) | -0.23 (<0.01) |
| Time since wave 4 | 0.17 (<0.01) | -- | 0.17 (<0.01) | 0.17 (<0.01) |
| Participant | ||||
| ACASI | -- | -0.04 (0.82) | -0.01 (0.96) | -0.02 (0.94) |
| Age | -- | -0.02 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.03) | -0.01 (0.15) |
| Baseline gender (ref=female) | -- | -0.25 (0.20) | -0.21 (0.29) | -0.20 (0.29) |
| Married or cohabiting | -- | -0.11 (0.60) | -- | -- |
| Employed | -- | 0.19 (0.20) | -- | -- |
| Household income | -- | 0.10 (<0.01) | 0.11 (<0.01) | 0.11 (<0.01) |
| Number of times changed residence | -- | 0.02 (0.37) | -- | -- |
| Moved to different census tract since last wave | -- | 0.08 (0.50) | -- | -- |
| Depressive symptoms (ref= CESD 20 score < 15) | ||||
| Mild (CESD 20 score= 15-22) | -- | 0.18 (0.16) | -- | -- |
| Major (CESD 20 score >22) | -- | 0.29 (0.06) | -- | -- |
| Baseline substance use | 5.42 (0.01) | -- | 5.03 (0.01) | 5.10 (<0.01) |
| Time since relocation * baseline substance use | -0.09 (0.01) | -- | -0.09 (0.01) | -0.10 (<0.01) |
| Time since wave 3 * baseline substance use | 0.18 (<0.01) | -- | 0.18 (<0.01) | 0.20 (<0.01) |
| Time since wave 4 * baseline substance use | -0.14 (0.02) | -- | -0.13 (0.03) | -0.13 (0.03) |
| Substance use in last six months | -- | 0.06 (0.62) | -- | -- |
| Perceived community violence | -- | -- | ||
| Baseline | -- | 0.06 (0.20) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.02 (0.60) | -- | -- |
| Network | ||||
| Drug/alcohol network size | -0.18 (<0.01) | -- | -0.19 (<0.01) | -0.20 (<0.01) |
| Census tract | ||||
| Economic disadvantage | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.06 (0.74) | -0.16 (0.33) | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.14 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.03) | -- |
| Social disorder | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.22 (0.01) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | -0.10 (0.16) | -- | -- |
| Violent crime rate (per 1000 residents) | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -8.35 (0.20) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 1.55 (0.70) | -- | -- |
| Alcohol outlet density | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.03 (0.06) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | -0.01 (0.45) | -- | -- |
| Proportion Non-Hispanic Black residents | ||||
| Baseline | -- | 0.52 (0.35) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.37 (0.19) | -- | -- |
| Proportion renter-occupied housing | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -1.08 (0.08) | -- | -0.81 (0.23) |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.61 (0.08) | -- | 0.66 (0.07) |
| Residential instability | ||||
| Baseline | -- | 0.17 (0.90) | 0.50 (0.71) | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 1.05 (0.10) | 1.25 (0.06) | -- |
Note: Turnover into drug/alcohol networks had a Poisson distribution. All variables were time-varying and lagged one visit unless otherwise noted.
Stage 1 assessed the relationship of time to turnover into drug/alcohol networks, controlling for drug/alcohol network size at the prior visit, and determined whether gender or baseline substance misuse interacted with time to influence turnover into drug/alcohol networks. Non-significant interactions are not shown.
Stage 2 assessed the relationships of each participant, network, and place characteristic to turnover into drug/alcohol networks, controlling for the time-baseline substance use interaction and drug/alcohol network size at the prior visit.
Stage 3 assessed the relationship of “change since baseline measures” of place characteristics associated with turnover into drug/alcohol networks in Stage 2 at a p-value≤0.10, controlling for the baseline measures of the selected place characteristics, the time-baseline substance use interaction, age, gender, drug/alcohol network size at the prior visit, ACASI survey administration variable, and other participant characteristics associated with turnover into drug/alcohol networks at p≤0.05 in Stage 2. Substance use was not included in Stage 3 because it was hypothesized to be a mediator.
Because renter-occupied housing was correlated with economic disadvantage and residential instability, renter-occupied housing was evaluated in a separate model in Stage 3.