Table 5. Relationships of individual- and census tract-level characteristics to turnover out of drug/alcohol networks among a sample of 172 African-American adults relocated from seven public housing complexes.
| Coefficient (p-value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Stage 118 | Stage 219 | Stage 3a20 | Stage 3b21 |
| Time | ||||
| Time since relocation | 0.03 (0.03) | -- | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.01) |
| Time since wave 3 | -0.07 (<0.01) | -- | -0.11 (<0.01) | -0.11 (<0.01) |
| Individual | ||||
| ACASI | -- | -0.64 (0.08) | -0.66 (0.08) | -0.69 (0.07) |
| Age | -- | -0.01 (0.30) | -0.003 (0.78) | -0.004 (0.70) |
| Gender | 0.33 (0.23) | -- | 0.27 (0.33) | 0.32 (0.26) |
| Time since wave 3* gender | -0.03 (0.08) | -- | -0.02 (0.19) | -0.02 (0.16) |
| Married or cohabiting | -- | 0.10 (0.77) | -- | -- |
| Employed | -- | 0.18 (0.46) | -- | -- |
| Household income | -- | -0.02 (0.72) | -- | -- |
| Number of times changed residence | -- | 0.09 (0.12) | -- | -- |
| Moved to different census tract since last wave | -- | 0.50 (0.01) | 0.49 (0.02) | 0.48 (0.02) |
| Depressive symptoms (ref= CESD 20 score < 15) | ||||
| Mild (CESD 20 score= 15-22) | -- | 0.17 (0.41) | -- | -- |
| Major (CESD 20 score >22) | -- | -0.15 (0.51) | -- | -- |
| Substance use | -- | -0.13 (0.52) | -- | -- |
| Perceived community violence | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.02 (0.81) | -0.03 (o.70) | -0.03 (0.71) |
| Change since baseline | -- | -0.11 (0.06) | -0.12 (0.06) | -0.12 (0.06) |
| Census tract | ||||
| Economic disadvantage | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.04 (0.84) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.04 (0.71) | -- | -- |
| Social disorder | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.02 (0.89) | 0.04 (0.76) | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.08) | -- |
| Violent crime rate (per 1000 residents) | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.43 (0.96) | -- | -2.82 (0.73) |
| Change since baseline | -- | 10.36 (0.08) | -- | 1.64 (0.78) |
| Alcohol outlet density | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.01 (0.66) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.02 (0.22) | -- | -- |
| Proportion Non-Hispanic Black residents | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -0.36 (0.58) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.09 (0.82) | -- | -- |
| Proportion renter-occupied housing | ||||
| Baseline | -- | -1.12 (0.13) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.02 (0.97) | -- | -- |
| Proportion residential instability | ||||
| Baseline | -- | 0.09 (0.96) | -- | -- |
| Change since baseline | -- | 0.92 (0.38) | -- | -- |
Note: Turnover out of drug/alcohol networks had a Binomial distribution. All variables were time-varying and lagged one visit unless otherwise noted.
Stage 1 assessed the relationship of time to turnover out of drug/alcohol networks, and whether gender or baseline substance misuse interacted with time to influence turnover out of drug/alcohol networks. Non-significant interactions are not shown.
Stage 2 assessed the relationships of each participant and place characteristic to turnover out of the drug/alcohol networks, controlling for the time-gender interaction.
Stage 3 assessed the relationship of change since baseline measures of place characteristics associated with turnover out of the drug/alcohol networks in Stage 2 at a p-value≤0.10, controlling for the baseline measures of the selected place characteristics, the time-gender interaction, age, ACASI survey administration variable, and other participant characteristics associated with turnover out of drug/alcohol networks at p≤0.05 in Stage 2. Substance use was not included in Stage 3 because it was hypothesized to be a mediator.
Because violent crime was included in the social disorder measure, violent crime was evaluated in a separate model in Stage 3.