Table 3. Relative risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) of prostate cancer according to change in sleep duration from 1987 to 2000 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 2000-2010.
| decreased by 2+ hours | decreased by 1 hour | Remained the same | increased by 1 hour | increased by 2+ hours | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Prostate Cancer, No. | 36 | 336 | 985 | 468 | 82 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.86 (0.62-1.21) | 1.12 (0.99-1.27) | Ref. | 1.08 (0.97-1.21) | 0.87 (0.69-1.09) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.89 (0.63-1.25) | 1.11 (0.97-1.25) | Ref. | 1.06 (0.95-1.19) | 0.87 (0.69-1.10) |
|
| |||||
| Lethal Prostate Cancer, No. | 7 | 12 | 65 | 32 | 3 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 2.10 (0.93-4.72) | 0.60 (0.32-1.12) | Ref. | 1.03 (0.67-1.59) | 0.40 (0.13-1.30) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 2.08 (0.90-4.81) | 0.56 (0.30-1.05) | Ref. | 0.91 (0.58-1.43) | 0.34 (0.10-1.11) |
|
| |||||
| Advanced Prostate Cancer, No. | 8 | 23 | 104 | 42 | 4 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.52 (0.72-3.18) | 0.73 (0.46-1.15) | Ref. | 0.90 (0.62-1.29) | 0.35 (0.13-0.96) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.53 (0.71-3.26) | 0.69 (0.44-1.10) | Ref. | 0.86 (0.59-1.26) | 0.33 (0.12-0.90) |
|
| |||||
| Non-Advanced Prostate Cancer, No. | 27 | 268 | 762 | 367 | 65 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.86 (0.58-1.27) | 1.16 (1.00-1.33) | Ref. | 1.09 (0.96-1.24) | 0.91 (0.70-1.18) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.90 (0.61-1.32) | 1.14 (0.99-1.32) | Ref. | 1.07 (0.94-1.21) | 0.92 (0.71-1.19) |
|
| |||||
| Grade 8-10 Prostate Cancer, No. | 8 | 42 | 121 | 70 | 8 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.42 (0.69-2.94) | 1.15 (0.80-1.64) | Ref. | 1.21 (0.90-1.63) | 0.68 (0.33-1.40) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.36 (0.65-2.85) | 1.07 (0.75-1.54) | Ref. | 1.15 (0.85-1.56) | 0.63 (0.30-1.30) |
|
| |||||
| Grade 7 Prostate Cancer, No. | 7 | 115 | 360 | 169 | 26 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.44 (0.21-0.94) | 1.04 (0.84-1.29) | Ref. | 1.07 (0.89-1.29) | 0.75 (0.50-1.13) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 0.46 (0.22-0.98) | 1.05 (0.85-1.30) | Ref. | 1.07 (0.88-1.29) | 0.75 (0.50-1.14) |
|
| |||||
| Grade 2-6 Prostate Cancer, No. | 17 | 152 | 416 | 189 | 36 |
| Age-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.64-1.71) | 1.19 (0.99-1.44) | Ref. | 1.05 (0.88-1.25) | 0.97 (0.68-1.36) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.11 (0.68-1.82) | 1.17 (0.97-1.42) | Ref. | 1.01 (0.84-1.20) | 1.00 (0.70-1.41) |
Multivariable: Adjusted for age, race, vigorous activity level, smoking, diabetes, family history of prostate cancer, snoring status, multivitamin use, energy intake, history of PSA testing, beta-blocker use, marital status, coffee intake, alcohol intake, and number of urinations per night.
*
Lethal: N1/M1, bone or organ mets over follow-up or death from prostate cancer; Advanced: T3b/T4/N1/M1 + N1 or M1 or mets to other organs over followup or death from prostate cancer