Table 4. Relative risk (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) of prostate cancer according to sleep disruption in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 2004-2010.
| Waking up during the night, how often | Difficulty falling asleep, how often | Waking up too early, how often | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Never | Sometimes | Always | Never | Sometimes | Always | Never | Sometimes | Always | |
| All Prostate Cancer, No. | 268 | 405 | 257 | 688 | 210 | 32 | 456 | 409 | 65 |
| Age-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 0.99(0.84-1.16) | 1.06(0.89-1.27) | Ref. | 0.92(0.79-1.08) | 0.85(0.59-1.22) | Ref. | 1.02(0.89-1.17) | 0.95(0.73-1.24) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 0.99(0.84-1.16) | 1.07(0.89-1.28) | Ref. | 0.93(0.79-1.09) | 0.92(0.64-1.33) | Ref. | 1.02(0.89-1.17) | 0.98(0.75-1.28) |
|
| |||||||||
| Lethal Prostate Cancer, No. | 12 | 27 | 11 | 32 | 16 | 2 | 26 | 21 | 3 |
| Age-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.59(0.79-3.18) | 0.95(0.41-2.18) | Ref. | 1.34(0.72-2.48) | 0.92(0.22-3.90) | Ref. | 0.94(0.53-1.69) | 0.66(0.20-2.20) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.70(0.83-3.51) | 1.09(0.46-2.62) | Ref. | 1.40(0.73-2.70) | 1.07(0.23-4.94) | Ref. | 1.02(0.55-1.89) | 0.89(0.25-3.19) |
|
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| Advanced Prostate Cancer, No. | 22 | 34 | 15 | 51 | 18 | 2 | 39 | 28 | 4 |
| Age-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.01(0.58-1.74) | 0.75(0.39-1.47) | Ref. | 0.95(0.55-1.65) | 0.67(0.16-2.79) | Ref. | 0.83(0.51-1.36) | 0.60(0.21-1.69) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.03(0.59-1.82) | 0.82(0.41-1.64) | Ref. | 0.96(0.54-1.71) | 0.80(0.18-3.47) | Ref. | 0.86(0.52-1.44) | 0.69(0.23-2.04) |
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| Grade 8-10 Prostate Cancer, No. | 28 | 63 | 36 | 92 | 33 | 2 | 61 | 59 | 7 |
| Age-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.48(0.94-2.32) | 1.32(0.80-2.18) | Ref. | 1.00(0.67-1.50) | 0.40(0.10-1.62) | Ref. | 1.13(0.78-1.62) | 0.77(0.35-1.70) |
| Multivariable-Adjusted RR(95% CI) | Ref. | 1.47(0.93-2.33) | 1.29(0.77-2.15) | Ref. | 1.00(0.66-1.52) | 0.42(0.10-1.75) | Ref. | 1.15(0.79-1.66) | 0.82(0.36-1.84) |
Multivariable: Adjusted for age, sleep duration, race, vigorous activity level, smoking, diabetes, family history of prostate cancer, snoring status, beta blocker use, PSA testing, marital status, coffee intake, multivitamin use, energy intake, alcohol intake, and number of urinations per night.
*
Lethal: N1/M1, bone or organ mets over follow-up or death from prostate cancer; Advanced: T3b/T4/N1/M1 + N1 or M1 or mets to other organs over followup or death from prostate cancer